{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:43:55Z","timestamp":1792194235128,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyphenolic antioxidants, including dietary plant lignans, modulate the gut\u2013brain axis, which involves transformation of these polyphenolic compounds into physiologically active and neuroprotector compounds (called human lignans) through gut bacterial metabolism. These gut bacterial metabolites exert their neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), and also have protective effects against other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. For example, enterolactone and enterodiol, the therapeutically relevant polyphenols, are formed as the secondary gut bacterial metabolites of lignans, the non-flavonoid polyphenolic compounds found in plant-based foods. These compounds are also acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and thereby have potential applications as therapeutics in AD and other neurological diseases. Polyphenols are also advanced glycation end product (AGE) inhibitors (antiglycating agents), and thereby exert neuroprotective effects in cases of AD. Thus, gut bacterial metabolism of lignans and other dietary polyphenolic compounds results in the formation of neuroprotective polyphenols\u2014some of which have enhanced blood\u2013brain barrier permeability. It is hypothesized that gut bacterial metabolism-derived polyphenols, when combined with the nanoparticle-based blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB)-targeted drug delivery, may prove to be effective therapeutics for various neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), AD, and PD. This mini-review addresses the role of polyphenolic compounds in the gut\u2013brain axis, focusing on AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8020199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T11:55:56Z","timestamp":1580471756000},"page":"199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Polyphenols in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and in the Gut\u2013Brain Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3011-4175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. Prakash","family":"Reddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puspa","family":"Aryal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9849-6785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raheemat","family":"Rafiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Obrenovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veteran\u2019s Affairs Medical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6547-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Andrade Teles, R.B., Diniz, T.C., Pinto, T.C.C., de Oliveira, R.G.J., Gama e Silva, M., de Lavor, E.M., Fernandes, A.W.C., de Oliveira, A.P., de Almeida Ribeiro, F.P.R., and da Silva, A.A.M. 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