{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:45:23Z","timestamp":1760237123623,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005874","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti - Pescara","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAR 2017-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR 2017-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MIUR-COFIN 2004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIUR-COFIN 2004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is the major recognized risk factor for non-cardia gastric cancer (GC), but only a fraction of infected subjects develop GC, thus GC risk might reflect other genetic\/environmental cofactors and\/or differences in virulence among infectious Hp strains. Focusing on a high GC risk area of Northern Italy (Cremona, Lombardy) and using archived paraffin-embedded biopsies, we investigated the associations between the Hp vacA and cagA genotype variants and gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (GIN, 33 cases) versus non-neoplastic gastroduodenal lesions (NNGDLs, 37 cases). The glmM gene and the cagA and vacA (s and m) genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Hp was confirmed in 37\/37 (100%) NNGDLs and detected in 9\/33 GINs (27%), consistently with the well-known Hp loss in GC. CagA was detected in 4\/9 Hp-positive GINs and in 29\/37 NNGDLs. The vacA s1a and m1 subtypes were more common in GINs than in NNGDLs (6\/7 vs. 12\/34, p=0.014, for s1a; 7\/7 vs. 18\/34, p=0.020 for m1), with significant vacA s genotype-specific variance. The GIN-associated vacA s1a sequences clustered together, suggesting that aggressive Hp strains from a unique founder contribute to GC in the high-risk area studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8030324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1582773676000},"page":"324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evolutionarily-Related Helicobacter pylori Genotypes and Gastric Intraepithelial Neoplasia in a High-Risk Area of Northern Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Toracchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies (CAST\/CeSI-MeT), \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario Alberto","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age \u201cGaetano Barresi\u201d, Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Perconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies (CAST\/CeSI-MeT), \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Rigoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age \u201cGaetano Barresi\u201d, Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98123 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Betri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Istituti Ospitalieri, 26100 Cremona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8856-7690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies (CAST\/CeSI-MeT), \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Science, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8636-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Verginelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies (CAST\/CeSI-MeT), \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, G. d\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4440-1848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Mariani-Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Studies (CAST\/CeSI-MeT), \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2857","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori: Gastric cancer and beyond","volume":"10","author":"Polk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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