{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T09:26:09Z","timestamp":1784280369618,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2013-45339R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2013-45339R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PGC2018-096958-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PGC2018-096958-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017SGR499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017SGR499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Campylobacter jejuni causes campylobacteriosis, a bacterial gastroenteritis with high incidence worldwide. Moreover, C. jejuni infection can trigger the polyneuropathic disorder denominated Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS). The C. jejuni strains that can elicit GBS carry either wlaN or cgtB, coding both genes for a \u03b2-1,3-galactosyltransferase enzyme that is required for the production of sialylated lipooligosaccharide (LOSSIAL). We described a differential prevalence of the genes wlaN and cgtB in C. jejuni isolates from three different ecological niches: humans, broiler chickens, and wild birds. The distribution of both genes, which is similar between broiler chicken and human isolates and distinct when compared to the wild bird isolates, suggests a host-dependent distribution. Moreover, the prevalence of the wlaN and cgtB genes seems to be restricted to some clonal complexes. Gene sequencing identified the presence of new variants of the G- homopolymeric tract within the wlaN gene. Furthermore, we detected two variants of a G rich region within the cgtB gene, suggesting that, similarly to wlaN, the G-tract in the cgtB gene mediates the phase variation control of cgtB expression. Caco-2 cell invasion assays indicate that there is no evident correlation between the production of LOSSIAL and the ability to invade eukaryotic cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8030325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1582773676000},"page":"325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Differential Distribution of the wlaN and cgtB Genes, Associated with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome, in Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Humans, Broiler Chickens, and Wild Birds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0711-4732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Guirado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gen\u00e8tica, Microbiologia i Estad\u00edstica, Facultat de Biolog\u00eda, Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Paytubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gen\u00e8tica, Microbiologia i Estad\u00edstica, Facultat de Biolog\u00eda, Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2781-6926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisenda","family":"Mir\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quint\u00ed 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaidelis","family":"Iglesias-Torrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quint\u00ed 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Gen\u00e8tica i Microbiologia. Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s (Barcelona), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4302-2838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferran","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quint\u00ed 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Gen\u00e8tica i Microbiologia. Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s (Barcelona), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6842-1299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Cerd\u00e0-Cu\u00e9llar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA-IRTA-UAB). Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8045-320X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Stephan-Otto Attolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4147-219X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Balsalobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gen\u00e8tica, Microbiologia i Estad\u00edstica, Facultat de Biolog\u00eda, Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5861-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Madrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gen\u00e8tica, Microbiologia i Estad\u00edstica, Facultat de Biolog\u00eda, Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nachamkin, I., and Szymanski, C. (2008). Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Campylobacter Infections. Campylobacter, ASM Press. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555815554"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA (2017). The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2016. 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