{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:27:05Z","timestamp":1771457225991,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008751","name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Risikobewertung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BfR grant 1322-674"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BfR grant 1322-674"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13GW0096D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13GW0096D"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KI1504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the suitability of a newly developed biocide susceptibility test system based on microtiter plates containing vacuum dried biocides as a fast and reliable screening method. The evaluated substances included the cationic biocides benzalkonium chloride (BAC), chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, and octenidine dihydrochloride. Testing a selection of Escherichia coli and enterococci, the biocide microtiter plates provided results comparable to those obtained from broth microdilution according to ISO 20776-1. Broad MIC ranges allowed for testing gram-positive and gram-negative species with the same plate design. In the second part of our study, we applied the established method to analyze the susceptibility of 90 clinical Enterococcus faecium isolates from a German university hospital, as previous studies have indicated a link between reduced susceptibility to substances such as CHX and BAC and vancomycin resistance. We therefore determined MIC and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) for 48 non-clonal vancomycin susceptible and 42 non-clonal vancomycin resistant isolates, but MIC95 and MBC95 were quite similar in both groups. Our easy to handle and ready to use test system enables the routine surveillance of bacterial tolerance towards disinfectants in hospitals. As a result, hygiene measures can be adapted and nosocomial infections controlled despite increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8040551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T04:45:31Z","timestamp":1586753131000},"page":"551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of a Newly Developed Vacuum Dried Microtiter Plate for Rapid Biocide Susceptibility Testing of Clinical Enterococcus faecium Isolates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Roedel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Biological Safety, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Dieckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Biological Safety, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliwia","family":"Makarewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Research Campus Infectognostics, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Hartung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Research Campus Infectognostics, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9981-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Noll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioanalysis, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 96450 Coburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias W.","family":"Pletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Research Campus Infectognostics, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3835-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sascha Al","family":"Dahouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Biological Safety, 10589 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szilvia","family":"Vincze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Biological Safety, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015). 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Agents Chemother., 61.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01162-16"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/8\/4\/551\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:17:34Z","timestamp":1760174254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/8\/4\/551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms8040551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8040551","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]}}}