{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:46:18Z","timestamp":1790419578655,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human hand is the most exposed part of the body to highest risk for injuries, loss of the skin integrity, and to the inoculation of bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus \u03b2-haemolytic, and gram-negative. In case of an infection, the mobile anatomical structures and the synovial membranes in close proximity to each other may spread the pus towards deep spaces and compartments. Mild early infections without an abscess formation may respond to antibiotics, but at more advanced stage, erythema, swelling, stiffness, and severe pain may ensue. Abscess formation will cause debilitating pain, fever, systemic symptoms, and even sepsis. Necrotizing infections may threaten not only the limb, but also patient\u2019s life. Therefore, an initially \u201ctrivial\u201d hand injury should never be neglected, as it might turn into a deep space infection, which must be treated immediately with drainage, wound debridement, and i.v. antibiotics. Delay in diagnosis and inadequate initial management might rapidly lead to abscess formation, destruction of the gliding surfaces and the normal anatomy, and irreparable functional deterioration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T04:36:09Z","timestamp":1591245369000},"page":"838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Infections of Deep Hand and Wrist Compartments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos N.","family":"Malizos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma Medical School, University of Thessaly, PC41110 Biopolis-Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe K.","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Surgical Department, G. Papanikolaou General Hospital, PC57010 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna N.","family":"Ziogkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma Medical School, University of Thessaly, PC41110 Biopolis-Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Rigopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma Medical School, University of Thessaly, PC41110 Biopolis-Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5924-5868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efstratios D.","family":"Athanaselis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma Medical School, University of Thessaly, PC41110 Biopolis-Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Socrates E.","family":"Varitimidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma Medical School, University of Thessaly, PC41110 Biopolis-Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe C.","family":"Dailiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma Medical School, University of Thessaly, PC41110 Biopolis-Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195504142521501","article-title":"Modern considerations of major hand infections","volume":"252","author":"Flynn","year":"1955","journal-title":"N. 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