{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T03:39:22Z","timestamp":1778038762638,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013297","name":"Eurostars","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E!11539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E!11539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Globalstars Eureka","award":["GS181005 E!13075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GS181005 E!13075"]}]},{"name":"H2020 INNOSUP-02-2016","award":["739679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["739679"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Waddlia chondrophila is an emerging intracellular pathogen belonging to the order of Chlamydiales, and was previously associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as tubal factor infertility (TFI). In this study, we investigate the link between both W. chondrophila and Chlamydia trachomatis IgG seropositivity and TFI. Antibodies against both bacteria were measured in 890 serum samples of women visiting a fertility clinic. After a hysterosalpingography and\/or laparoscopy, they were classified as either TFI-negative (TFI\u2212) or TFI-positive (TFI+). The total seroprevalence was 13.4% for C. trachomatis and 38.8% for W. chondrophila. C. trachomatis antibodies were present significantly more often in the TFI+ group than in the TFI\u2212 group, while for W. chondrophila no difference could be observed. In conclusion, our study confirms the association between C. trachomatis seropositivity and TFI, but no association was found between W. chondrophila seropositivity and TFI. The high percentage of W. chondrophila seropositivity in all women attending a fertility clinic does, however, demonstrate the need for further research on this Chlamydia-like bacterium and its possible role in infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]],"date-time":"2020-06-17T13:11:32Z","timestamp":1592399492000},"page":"918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Screening of Chlamydia trachomatis and Waddlia chondrophila Antibodies in Women with Tubal Factor Infertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Wies T.M.","family":"van Dooremalen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"TubaScan LTD., 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan P.","family":"Verweij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"TubaScan LTD., 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janneke E.","family":"den Hartog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1158-6361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carole","family":"Kebbi-Beghdadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sander","family":"Ouburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"TubaScan LTD., 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9529-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilbert","family":"Greub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Servaas A.","family":"Morr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Institute for Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine &amp; Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1059-061X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Ammerdorffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"TubaScan LTD., 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09417-5","article-title":"Female subfertility","volume":"360","author":"Evers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6934(02)00146-3","article-title":"Subfertility: Causes, treatment and outcome","volume":"17","author":"Adamson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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