{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:28:44Z","timestamp":1790141324546,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the use of various pharmacotherapeutic strategies, fibrosis due to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains an unsatisfied clinical issue. We investigated the effect of sevelamer, a hydrophilic bile acid sequestrant, on hepatic fibrosis in a murine NASH model. Male C57BL\/6J mice were fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat (CDHF) diet for 12 weeks with or without orally administered sevelamer hydrochloride (2% per diet weight). Histological and biochemical analyses revealed that sevelamer prevented hepatic steatosis, macrophage infiltration, and pericellular fibrosis in CDHF-fed mice. Sevelamer reduced the portal levels of total bile acid and inhibited both hepatic and intestinal farnesoid X receptor activation. Gut microbiome analysis demonstrated that sevelamer improved a lower \u03b1-diversity and prevented decreases in Lactobacillaceae and Clostridiaceae as well as increases in Desulfovibrionaceae and Enterobacteriaceae in the CDHF-fed mice. Additionally, sevelamer bound to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the intestinal lumen and promoted its fecal excretion. Consequently, the sevelamer treatment restored the tight intestinal junction proteins and reduced the portal LPS levels, leading to the suppression of hepatic toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, sevelamer inhibited the LPS-mediated induction of fibrogenic activity in human hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Collectively, sevelamer inhibited the development of murine steatohepatitis by reducing hepatic LPS overload.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T10:43:58Z","timestamp":1592563438000},"page":"925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Bile Acid Sequestrant, Sevelamer Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis with Reduced Overload of Endogenous Lipopolysaccharide in Experimental Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Kaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuteru","family":"Kitade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koh","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Ozutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihisa","family":"Fujinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Takaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4361-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideto","family":"Kawaratani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3158-5318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadashi","family":"Namisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Moriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6675-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takemi","family":"Akahane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Yoshiji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038","article-title":"Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: A prospective study","volume":"140","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.012","article-title":"NAFLD: A multisystem disease","volume":"62","author":"Byrne","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med.."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24001","article-title":"Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The multiple parallel hits hypothesis","volume":"52","author":"Tilg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.014","article-title":"The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A population-based cohort study","volume":"129","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dufour, J.F., Caussy, C., and Loomba, R. (2020). Combination Therapy for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Rationale, Opportunities and Challenges. Gut, gutjnl-2019-319104.","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319104"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14354","article-title":"New Drugs for Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis","volume":"40","author":"Cardoso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF) (2017). AISF Position Paper on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Updates and Future Directions. Dig Liver Dis., 49, 471\u2013483.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2017.01.147"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakanishi, K., Kaji, K., Kitade, M., Kubo, T., Furukawa, M., Saikawa, S., Shimozato, N., Sato, S., Seki, K., and Kawaratani, H. (2019). Exogenous Administration of Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Potentiates Liver Fibrosis in a Choline-Deficient l-Amino-Acid-Defined Diet-Induced Murine Steatohepatitis Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112724"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.02.035","article-title":"DSS induced colitis increases portal LPS levels and enhances hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis in experimental NASH","volume":"55","author":"Dostert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41434","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5163","article-title":"LPS-induced TNF-\u03b1 factor mediates pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic pattern in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"8","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13058","article-title":"Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and toll-like receptor signaling in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Kapil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2995","article-title":"Reduction of endotoxin attenuates liver fibrosis through suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation and remission of intestinal permeability in a rat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model","volume":"11","author":"Douhara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28638","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25587","article-title":"Oral administration of fructose exacerbates liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis via increased intestinal permeability in a rat steatohepatitis model","volume":"9","author":"Seki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"523","article-title":"Studies on the antibacterial properties of the bile acids and some compounds derived from cholanic acid","volume":"134","author":"Stacey","year":"1947","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50116","article-title":"Oral Bile Acids Reduce Bacterial Overgrowth, Bacterial Translocation, and Endotoxemia in Cirrhotic Rats","volume":"37","author":"Planas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4804(03)00308-1","article-title":"Role of Bile in Intestinal Barrier Function and Its Inhibitory Effect on Bacterial Translocation in Obstructive Jaundice in Rats","volume":"115","author":"Ogata","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1365","article-title":"Contribution of Anthocyanin-Rich Foods in Obesity Control Through Gut Microbiota Interactions","volume":"43","author":"Jamar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01134.x","article-title":"Rediscovering bile acid sequestrants","volume":"11","author":"Bell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.16.1893","article-title":"Colesevelam hydrochloride (cholestagel): A new, potent bile acid sequestrant associated with a low incidence of gastrointestinal side effects","volume":"159","author":"Davidson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2018.1538206","article-title":"Preclinical discovery and development of colesevelam for the treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Nerild","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0266-7","article-title":"Bile acids in glucose metabolism and insulin signalling - mechanisms and research needs","volume":"15","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0154","article-title":"Bile acid sequestrants in type 2 diabetes: Potential effects on GLP1 secretion","volume":"171","author":"Sonne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G371","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00400.2012","article-title":"Colesevelam suppresses hepatic glycogenolysis by TGR5-mediated induction of GLP-1 action in DIO mice","volume":"304","author":"Potthoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23408","article-title":"Bile salt sequestration induces hepatic de novo lipogenesis through farnesoid X receptor- and liver X receptor alpha-controlled metabolic pathways in mice","volume":"51","author":"Herrema","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2009.00507.x","article-title":"Treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with colestimide","volume":"39","author":"Taniai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0353","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes by bile acid-binding resin","volume":"56","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00240.x","article-title":"RenaGel, a nonabsorbed calcium- and aluminum-free phosphate binder, lowers serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone. The RenaGel Study Group","volume":"55","author":"Slatopolsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23058","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.731042","article-title":"Sevelamer Improves Steatohepatitis, Inhibits Liver and Intestinal Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), and Reverses Innate Immune Dysregulation in a Mouse Model of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"291","author":"McGettigan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000319850","article-title":"Sevelamer carbonate reduces inflammation and endotoxemia in an animal model of uremia","volume":"30","author":"Hauser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01650211","article-title":"Effect of phosphate binders on serum inflammatory profile, soluble CD14, and endotoxin levels in hemodialysis patients","volume":"6","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20701","article-title":"Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"41","author":"Kleiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5069","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03006-05","article-title":"Greengenes, a Chimera-Checked 16S rRNA Gene Database and Workbench Compatible with ARB","volume":"72","author":"DeSantis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00111.x","article-title":"Species Divergence and the Measurement of Microbial Diversity","volume":"32","author":"Lozupone","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbial Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4733","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.011913","article-title":"Bile Acid Sequestration Reverses Liver Injury and Prevents Progression of NASH in Western Diet-Fed Mice","volume":"295","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7089","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902687R","article-title":"Western diet-induced increase in colonic bile acids compromises epithelial barrier in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"34","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4393-x","article-title":"Altered Gut Microbiota Composition and Immune Response in Experimental Steatohepatitis Mouse Models","volume":"62","author":"Ishioka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1663","article-title":"TLR4 enhances TGF-beta signaling and hepatic fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Seki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61933-4","article-title":"Farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for non-cirrhotic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (FLINT): A multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Loomba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33453","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33453","article-title":"FXR agonist obeticholic acid reduces hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in a rat model of toxic cirrhosis","volume":"6","author":"Verbeke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26383-8","article-title":"Obeticholic acid protects against hepatocyte death and liver fibrosis in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"8","author":"Goto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76738","article-title":"Intestinal farnesoid X receptor signaling promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"125","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00060","article-title":"Attenuation of the Hepatoprotective Effects of Ileal Apical Sodium Dependent Bile Acid Transporter (ASBT) Inhibition in Choline-Deficient L-Amino Acid-Defined (CDAA) Diet-Fed Mice","volume":"7","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, Y., Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, P., Song, H., and Wang, F. (2019). Antibiotics induced intestinal tight junction barrier dysfunction is associated with microbiota dysbiosis, activated NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218384"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00417C","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri improves gut barrier function and affects diurnal variation of the gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1159\/000135691","article-title":"Endotoxin-binding affinity of sevelamer hydrochloride","volume":"28","author":"Perianayagam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI75090","article-title":"Early microbial translocation blockade reduces SIV-mediated inflammation and viral replication","volume":"124","author":"Kristoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.03.006","article-title":"Plasma metabolomic profile in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"60","author":"Kalhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, A., Verma, A.K., Kofron, M., Kudira, R., Miethke, A., Wu, T., Wang, J., and Gandhi, C.R. (2020). Lipopolysaccharide Reverses Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation via Modulation of cMyb, SMADs and C\/EBP Transcription Factors. Hepatology.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31188"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"362","article-title":"Glucose-lowering Effects and Mechanisms of the Bile Acid-Sequestering Resin Sevelamer","volume":"20","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balakrishnan, M., Patel, P., Dunn-Valadez, S., Dao, C., Khan, V., Ali, H., El-Serag, L., Hernaez, R., Sisson, A., and Thrift, A.P. (2020). Women Have Lower Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease but Higher Risk of Progression vs. Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin. Gastroenterol Hepatol.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.04.067"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.020156","article-title":"Choline Intake in a Large Cohort of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"95","author":"Guerrerio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meneses, G., Rosetti, M., Espinosa, A., Florentino, A., Bautista, M., D\u00edaz, G., Olvera, G., B\u00e1rcena, B., Fleury, A., and Adalid-Peralta, L. (2018). Recovery From an Acute Systemic and Central LPS-inflammation Challenge Is Affected by Mouse Sex and Genetic Background. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201375"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/8\/6\/925\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:40:39Z","timestamp":1760175639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/8\/6\/925"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms8060925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8060925","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]}}}