{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T05:08:48Z","timestamp":1771736928745,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of South Africa","award":["78909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["78909"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacillus anthracis is a soil-borne, Gram-positive endospore-forming bacterium and the causative agent of anthrax. It is enzootic in Pafuri, Kruger National Park in South Africa. The bacterium is amplified in a wild ungulate host, which then becomes a source of infection to the next host upon its death. The exact mechanisms involving the onset (index case) and termination of an outbreak are poorly understood, in part due to a paucity of information about the soil-based component of the bacterium\u2019s lifecycle. In this study, we present the unique isolation of a dsDNA bacteriophage from a wildebeest carcass site suspected of having succumbed to anthrax. The aggressively lytic bacteriophage hampered the initial isolation of B. anthracis from samples collected at the carcass site. Classic bacteriologic methods were used to test the isolated phage on B. anthracis under different conditions to simulate deteriorating carcass conditions. Whole genome sequencing was employed to determine the relationship between the bacterium isolated on site and the bacteriophage-dubbed Bacillus phage Crookii. The 154,012 bp phage belongs to Myoviridae and groups closely with another African anthrax carcass-associated Bacillus phage WPh. Bacillus phage Crookii was lytic against B. cereus sensu lato group members but demonstrated a greater affinity for encapsulated B. anthracis at lower concentrations (&lt;1 \u00d7 108 pfu) of bacteriophage. The unusual isolation of this bacteriophage demonstrates the phage\u2019s role in decreasing the inoculum in the environment and impact on the life cycle of B. anthracis at a carcass site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,22]],"date-time":"2020-06-22T06:46:12Z","timestamp":1592808372000},"page":"932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Unique Isolation of a Lytic Bacteriophage Infected Bacillus anthracis Isolate from Pafuri, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Hassim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical diseases, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kgaugelo Edward","family":"Lekota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical diseases, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"},{"name":"Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management: Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David Schalk","family":"van Dyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, Office of the State Veterinarian, Skukuza 1350, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar Henry","family":"Dekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry, Office of the State Veterinarian, Skukuza 1350, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3577-1273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henriette","family":"van Heerden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical diseases, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Variation in Bacillus anthracis","volume":"8","author":"Sterne","year":"1937","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. 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