{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:47:53Z","timestamp":1790477273016,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki ja Sakari Sohlbergin S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014438","name":"Business Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1843\/31\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1843\/31\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005431","name":"Pirkanmaan Rahasto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50181744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50181744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immunological assays detecting antibodies against enteroviruses typically use a single enterovirus serotype as antigen. This limits the ability of such assays to detect antibodies against different enterovirus types and to detect possible type-specific variation in antibody responses. We set out to develop a multiplexed assay for simultaneous detection of antibodies against multiple enterovirus and rhinovirus types encompassing all human infecting species. Seven recombinant VP1 proteins from enteroviruses EV-A to EV-D and rhinoviruses RV-A to RV-C species were produced. Using Meso Scale Diagnostics U-PLEX platform we were able to study antibody reactions against these proteins as well as non-structural enterovirus proteins in a single well with 140 human serum samples. Adults had on average 33-fold stronger antibody responses to these antigens (p &amp;lt; 10\u221211) compared to children, but children had less cross-reactivity between different enterovirus types. The results suggest that this new high-throughput assay offers clear benefits in the evaluation of humoral enterovirus immunity in children, giving more exact information than assays that are based on a single enterovirus type as antigen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T05:28:56Z","timestamp":1593408536000},"page":"963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Multiplexed High-Throughput Serological Assay for Human Enteroviruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5029-974X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niila V. V.","family":"Saarinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jussi","family":"Lehtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Veijola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Lempainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-0033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikael","family":"Knip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Research Center, Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Hy\u00f6ty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli H.","family":"Laitinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9357-1480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesa P.","family":"Hyt\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Fimlab Laboratories, 33520 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20269","article-title":"All CVB serotypes and clinical isolates induce irreversible cytopathic effects in primary cardiomyocytes","volume":"75","author":"Ahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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