{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:40:58Z","timestamp":1791351658492,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant office - Faculty of Medicine- Assiut University","award":["17300317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17300317"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with complex immunopathogenesis. Dysbiosis has been linked to many autoimmune diseases, but its detailed role in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) still needs rigorous evaluation, especially in Egypt. We aimed to identify the shift in the gut microbiota profile and resultant metabolic pathways in AIH Egyptian patients compared to healthy individuals. Stool samples were collected from 15 AIH-naive patients and from 10 healthy individuals. The V3-V4 hyper-variable regions in16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq platform. Significantly lower bacterial diversity in AIH patients was found compared to the controls. A phylum-level analysis showed the overrepresentation of Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Proteobacteria. At the genus level, AIH-associated enrichment of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Bacteroides, Veillonella, Eubacterium, Lachnospiraceae and Butyricicoccus was reported in contrast to Prevotella, Parabacteroides and Dilaster, which were significantly retracted in such patients. Overall, the predicted metabolic pathways associated with dysbiosis in AIH patients could orchestrate the potential pathogenic roles of gut microbiota in autoimmune disease, though not in a disease-specific manner, calling for future large-scale studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8071011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T11:07:42Z","timestamp":1594033662000},"page":"1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Autoimmune Hepatitis: Shifts in Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Pathways among Egyptian Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nahla M.","family":"Elsherbiny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Rammadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2575-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham A.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed E.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7549-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abeer S. Abd","family":"El-Rehim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael A.","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A. A.","family":"Abozaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebtisam","family":"Hassanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology, Ministry of Health, Assiut 71511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8541-7304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helal F.","family":"Hetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czaja, A.J. 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