{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:02:38Z","timestamp":1790755358161,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]],"date-time":"2020-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u2116 075-15.2019-1671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u2116 075-15.2019-1671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tularemia is a severe infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacteria Fracisella tularensis. There are four subspecies of F.tularensis: holarctica, tularensis, mediasiatica, and novicida, which differ in their virulence and geographic distribution. One of them, subsp. mediasiatica remains extremely poorly studied, primarily due to the fact that it is found only in the sparsely populated regions of Central Asia and Russia. In particular there is little information in the literature on the virulence and pathogenicity of subsp. mediasiatica. In the present article, we evaluated the comparative virulence of subsp. mediasiatica in vaccinated laboratory animals which we infected with virulent strains: subsp. mediasiatica 678, subsp. holarctica 503, and subsp. tularensis SCHU within 60 to 180 days after vaccination. We found that subsp. mediasiatica is comparable in pathogenicity in mice with subsp. tularensis and in guinea pigs with subsp. holarctica. We also found that the live vaccine does not fully protect mice from subsp. mediasiatica but completely protects guinea pigs for at least six months. In general, our data suggest that subsp. mediasiatica occupies an intermediate position in virulence between spp. tularensis and holarctica.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8091403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T21:11:32Z","timestamp":1600031492000},"page":"1403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Comparative Virulence of Francisella tularensis Subsp. mediasiatica for Vaccinated Laboratory Animals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9501-1380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitalii","family":"Timofeev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Titareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6897-3613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Bahtejeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Kombarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Kravchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Mokrievich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Dyatlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (SRCAMB), Obolensk 142279, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1409.011","article-title":"Molecular Epidemiology, Evolution, and Ecology of Francisella","volume":"1105","author":"Keim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. 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(In Russian)."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/8\/9\/1403\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:09:21Z","timestamp":1760177361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/8\/9\/1403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms8091403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8091403","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]]}}}