{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:38:15Z","timestamp":1787315895292,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of the Filoviridae family of negative sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. EBOV infection causes Ebola virus disease (EVD), characterized by coagulopathy, lymphopenia, and multi-organ failure, which can culminate in death. In 2019, the FDA approved the first vaccine against EBOV, a recombinant live-attenuated viral vector wherein the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus is replaced with the glycoprotein (GP) of EBOV (rVSV-EBOV-GP, Ervebo\u00ae by Merck). This vaccine demonstrates high efficacy in nonhuman primates by providing prophylactic, rapid, and post-exposure protection. In humans, rVSV-EBOV-GP demonstrated 100% protection in several phase III clinical trials in over 10,000 individuals during the 2013\u20132016 West Africa epidemic. As of 2020, over 218,000 doses of rVSV-EBOV-GP have been administered to individuals with high risk of EBOV exposure. Despite licensure and robust preclinical studies, the mechanisms of rVSV-EBOV-GP-mediated protection are not fully understood. Such knowledge is crucial for understanding vaccine-mediated correlates of protection from EVD and to aid the further design and development of therapeutics against filoviruses. Here, we summarize the current literature regarding the host response to vaccination and EBOV exposure, and evidence regarding innate and adaptive immune mechanisms involved in rVSV-EBOV-GP-mediated protection, with a focus on the host transcriptional response. Current data strongly suggest a protective synergy between rapid innate and humoral immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T08:57:32Z","timestamp":1601024252000},"page":"1473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["To B or Not to B: Mechanisms of Protection Conferred by rVSV-EBOV-GP and the Roles of Innate and Adaptive Immunity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Amanda N.","family":"Pinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilhem","family":"Messaoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"},{"name":"Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60667-8","article-title":"Ebola haemorrhagic fever","volume":"377","author":"Feldmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4RI0316-099RR","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of Ebola pathogenesis","volume":"100","author":"Rivera","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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