{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:28:28Z","timestamp":1790620108724,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neisseria meningitidis is the main cause of meningitis and sepsis, potentially life-threatening conditions. Thanks to advancements in vaccine development, vaccines are now available for five out of six meningococcal disease-causing serogroups (A, B, C, W, and Y). Vaccination programs with monovalent meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate vaccines in Europe have successfully decreased MenC disease and carriage. The use of a monovalent MenA conjugate vaccine in the African meningitis belt has led to a near elimination of MenA disease. Due to the emergence of non-vaccine serogroups, recommendations have gradually shifted, in many countries, from monovalent conjugate vaccines to quadrivalent MenACWY conjugate vaccines to provide broader protection. Recent real-world effectiveness of broad-coverage, protein-based MenB vaccines has been reassuring. Vaccines are also used to control meningococcal outbreaks. Despite major improvements, meningococcal disease remains a global public health concern. Further research into changing epidemiology is needed. Ongoing efforts are being made to develop next-generation, pentavalent vaccines including a MenACWYX conjugate vaccine and a MenACWY conjugate vaccine combined with MenB, which are expected to contribute to the global control of meningitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T07:22:16Z","timestamp":1601709736000},"page":"1521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Vaccines against Meningococcal Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7800-1404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariagrazia","family":"Pizza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0683-6055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafik","family":"Bekkat-Berkani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK, Rockville, MD 20850, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8827-254X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rino","family":"Rappuoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.062","article-title":"Meningococcal disease: Clinical presentation and sequelae","volume":"30","author":"Pace","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.04.020","article-title":"Case fatality rates of invasive meningococcal disease by serogroup and age: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, April 22). 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