{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T17:44:24Z","timestamp":1784396664593,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008771","name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N-1543081-2015-24-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N-1543081-2015-24-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined the prevalence and molecular characteristics of mcr-3 carrying colistin-resistant Escherichia coli among cattle, pig, and chicken isolates in South Korea. Among a total of 185 colistin-resistant E. coli isolates determined in this study (47 from cattle, 90 from pigs, and 48 from chicken), PCR amplification detected mcr-3 genes in 17 isolates predominantly from diseased pigs. The mcr-3 genes were characterized as mcr-3.1 in 15 isolates and mcr-3.5 in 2 isolates. The mcr-3 gene was transferred to the E. coli J53 recipient strain from more than 50% of the mcr-3-carrying isolates. The mcr-3.1 and mcr-3.5 genes were identified predominantly in IncHI2 and IncP plasmids, respectively. Multi-locus sequence typing analysis revealed eight previously reported sequence types (ST), including ST1, ST10, and ST42. We identified isolates with similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns from diseased pigs in three farms. Besides, the isolates carried various virulence factors and demonstrated resistance to multiple antimicrobials, including \u03b2-lactams and quinolones. Further, the mcr-3.5 encodes three amino acid substitutions compared with mcr-3.1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pathogenic E. coli carrying mcr-3.5 in South Korea, which implies that mcr-3 variants may have already been widely spread in the pig industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T10:46:17Z","timestamp":1601981177000},"page":"1538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Emergence of mcr-3 carrying Escherichia coli in Diseased Pigs in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Abraham Fikru","family":"Mechesso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1244-201X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Chan","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Young","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Ju","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Jeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok Hyeon","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeong Yeal","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"},{"name":"Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0908-8785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soon-Seek","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk-Kyung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02241-18","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02241-18","article-title":"Detection of mcr-mediated colistin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from pigs in small scale farms in Cambodia","volume":"63","author":"Storm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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