{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:10:05Z","timestamp":1790475005162,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R-221-000-073-511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-221-000-073-511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Candida albicans is a commensal polymorphic and opportunistic fungus, which usually resides as a small community in the oral cavities of a majority of humans. The latter eco-system presents this yeast varied opportunities for mutualistic interactions with other cohabitant oral bacteria, that synergizes its persistence and pathogenicity. Collectively, these communities live within complex plaque biofilms which may adversely affect the oral health and increase the proclivity for oral candidiasis. The proteome of such oral biofilms with myriad interkingdom interactions are largely underexplored. Herein, we employed limma differential expression analysis, and cluster analysis to explore the proteomic interactions of C. albicans biofilms with nine different common oral bacterial species, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutants, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus sobrinus. Interestingly, upon exposure of C. albicans biofilms to the foregoing heat-killed bacteria, the proteomes of the fungus associated with cellular respiration, translation, oxidoreductase activity, and ligase activity were significantly altered. Subsequent differential expression and cluster analysis revealed the subtle, yet significant alterations in the C. albicans proteome, particularly on exposure to bacteria with dissimilar cell morphologies, and Gram staining characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T09:12:58Z","timestamp":1602061978000},"page":"1541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Proteome of Community Living Candida albicans Is Differentially Modulated by the Morphologic and Structural Features of the Bacterial Cohabitants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Thuyen","family":"Truong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9001-9068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li Mei","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhasini","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Medical Faculty, LMU-Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9440-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Sze Wah","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Mycology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR2000, 10098 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Man Eva","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9122-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lakshman","family":"Samaranayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaminda Jayampath","family":"Seneviratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore 168938, Singapore"},{"name":"Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22913","article-title":"Candida albicans pathogenicity mechanisms","volume":"4","author":"Mayer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.2174\/138945005774912735","article-title":"Systemic fungal infections caused by Candida species: Epidemiology, infection process and virulence attributes","volume":"6","author":"Mavor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. 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