{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:33:33Z","timestamp":1790375613278,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing resistance to antibiotics is compromising the empirical treatment of infections caused by resistant bacteria. Rapid, efficient, and clinically applicable phenotypic methods are needed for their detection. This study examines the phenotypic behavior of \u03b2-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacteria grown on ChromID ESBL medium with ertapenem, cefoxitin, and cefepime disks, reports on the coloration of colonies, and establishes a halo diameter breakpoint for the detection of carbapenemase-producing bacteria. We studied 186 \u03b2-lactam-resistant Gram-negative microorganisms (77 with extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL), 97 with carbapenemases, and 12 with AmpC \u03b2-lactamases (AmpC)). Susceptibility profiles of Gram-negative bacteria that produced ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemases were similar to the expected profiles, with some differences in the response to cefepime of ESBL-producing microorganisms. Coloration values did not differ from those described by the manufacturer of ChromID ESBL medium. In the screening of carbapenemase production, inhibition halo diameter breakpoints for antibiotic resistance were 18 mm for Enterobacterales and ertapenem, 18 mm for Pseudomonas and cefepime, and 16 mm for Acinetobacter baumannii and cefepime. This innovative phenotypic approach is highly relevant to clinical laboratories, combining susceptibility profiles with detection by coloration of high-priority resistant microorganisms such as carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii, carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas spp., and ESBL and\/or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T10:19:23Z","timestamp":1602238763000},"page":"1555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical Relevance of Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles for Screening Gram-negative Microorganisms Resistant to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8259-5700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Montiel-Riquelme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada-ibs, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Calatrava-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-ibs, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Hospital de la Agencia Sanitaria Alto Guadalquivir, 14550 Montilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2789-9442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Exp\u00f3sito-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Investigation, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Navarro-Mar\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-ibs, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6146-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada-ibs, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-ibs, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2020, August 14). 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