{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:58:08Z","timestamp":1792090688061,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["868.15.032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["868.15.032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vereniging Diervoeders Nederland (VDN)","award":["868.15.032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["868.15.032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Piglets are susceptible to infections in early life and around weaning due to rapid environmental and dietary changes. A compelling target to improve pig health in early life is diet, as it constitutes a pivotal determinant of gut microbial colonization and maturation of the host\u2019s immune system. In the present study, we investigated how supplementation of yeast-derived \u03b2-glucans affects the gut microbiota and immune function pre- and post-weaning, and how these complex systems develop over time. From day two after birth until two weeks after weaning, piglets received yeast-derived \u03b2-glucans or a control treatment orally and were subsequently vaccinated against Salmonella Typhimurium. Faeces, digesta, blood, and tissue samples were collected to study gut microbiota composition and immune function. Overall, yeast-derived \u03b2-glucans did not affect the vaccination response, and only modest effects on faecal microbiota composition and immune parameters were observed, primarily before weaning. This study demonstrates that the pre-weaning period offers a \u2018window of opportunity\u2019 to alter the gut microbiota and immune system through diet. However, the observed changes were modest, and any long-lasting effects of yeast-derived \u03b2-glucans remain to be elucidated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8101573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T21:48:38Z","timestamp":1602625718000},"page":"1573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Impact of Yeast-Derived \u03b2-Glucans on the Porcine Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Early Life"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8888-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"de Vries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8011-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirelle","family":"Geervliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0740-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine A.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6171-1805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor P. M. G.","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1457-1731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hub\u00e8rt","family":"van Hees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, 3800 AG Amersfoort, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Groothuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry M.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6236-7092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huub F. J.","family":"Savelkoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9014-0407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Tijhaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-5026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hauke","family":"Smidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.12.004","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tract (gut) health in the young pig","volume":"4","author":"Pluske","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. 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