{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:22:20Z","timestamp":1760239340337,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptosporidium parvum causes diarrhea in infants under 5 years, in immunosuppressed individuals or in young ruminants. This parasite infects the apical side of ileal epithelial cells where it develops itself and induces inflammation. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immune response, playing a major role in the control of the acute phase of C. parvum infection in neonates. Intestinal AMP production in neonates is characterized by high expressions of Cathelicidin Related Antimicrobial Peptide (CRAMP), the unique cathelicidin in mice known to fight bacterial infections. In this study, we investigated the role of CRAMP during cryptosporidiosis in neonates. We demonstrated that sporozoites are sensitive to CRAMP antimicrobial activity. However, during C. parvum infection the intestinal expression of CRAMP was significantly and selectively reduced, while other AMPs were upregulated. Moreover, despite high CRAMP expression in the intestine of neonates at homeostasis, the depletion of CRAMP did not worsen C. parvum infection. This result might be explained by the rapid downregulation of CRAMP induced by infection. However, the exogenous administration of CRAMP dampened the parasite burden in neonates. Taken together these results suggest that C. parvum impairs the production of CRAMP to subvert the host response, and highlight exogenous cathelicidin supplements as a potential treatment strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T08:59:28Z","timestamp":1603443568000},"page":"1635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cryptosporidium parvum Subverts Antimicrobial Activity of CRAMP by Reducing Its Expression in Neonatal Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Guesdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Pezier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8867-199X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrine","family":"Menard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE Centre de Toulouse, UMR 1331 INRA\/INP\/UPS TOXALIM, F-31027 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Nicolosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Le Vern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6824-7868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Diana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm Unit\u00e9 1151 Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm\/CNRS\/Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, F-75730 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9687-7952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7865-4587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Lacroix-Lamand\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/503189a","article-title":"Parasitic infections: Time to tackle cryptosporidiosis","volume":"503","author":"Striepen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-017-0447-0","article-title":"Bovine cryptosporidiosis: Impact, host-parasite interaction and control strategies","volume":"48","author":"Thomson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. 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