{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T21:14:04Z","timestamp":1789161244264,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.31771908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.31771908"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Guangdong Science and Technology Program key project","award":["201903010015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201903010015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is the most common side effect of antibiotics and is routinely treated with probiotics in clinical. Streptococcus thermophiles, extensively utilized for producing dairy foods, has recently been regarded as a new promising probiotic candidate. In this study, the efficacy of Streptococcus thermophiles DMST-H2 (DMST-H2) for AAD treatment in mice was investigated. DMST-H2 was isolated from Chinese traditional yogurt, proved to be non-toxic, and presented tolerance against simulated gastrointestinal conditions in vitro. Additionally, genomic analysis revealed that it possessed genes related to acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, adhesion, oxidative stress and bacteriocin production. The animal experiment results showed that both DMST-H2 treatment and natural recovery could reduce fecal water content. Compared with spontaneous recovery, DMST-H2 accelerated the recovery of the enlarged caecum and intestinal barrier injury from AAD, and further decreased endotoxin (ET), D-lactate (D-LA) and diamine oxidase (DAO) content in serum. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1) were reduced, while interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) increased after treating with DMST-H2. Furthermore, DMST-H2 better restored the structure of intestinal flora. At the phylum level, Firmicutes increased and Proteobacteria decreased. These findings indicate that DMST-H2 could promote recovery in mice with antibiotic-associated diarrhea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T02:34:54Z","timestamp":1603679694000},"page":"1650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Streptococcus thermophiles DMST-H2 Promotes Recovery in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jin-Shuang","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Yan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Hua","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Jia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin-Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Mei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agamennone, V., Krul, C.A.M., Rijkers, G., and Kort, R. (2018). A Practical Guide for Probiotics Applied to the Case of Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea in the Netherlands. BMC Gastroenterol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-018-0831-x"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1159\/000016879","article-title":"Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Treatments for Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea","volume":"16","author":"Mcfarland","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blaabjerg, S., Artai, D.M., and Aabenhus, R. (2017). Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Outpatients-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics6040021"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2020.01.005","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Probiotic Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea","volume":"61","author":"Mekonnen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2536","article-title":"Shifting the Balance: Antibiotic Effects on Host-Microbiota Mutualism","volume":"9","author":"Willing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303184","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Disturbance During Antibiotic Therapy: A Multi-Omic Approach","volume":"62","author":"Gosalbes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2020, April 30). Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria. Available online: Ftp:\/\/ftp.fao.org\/es\/esn\/food\/wgreport2.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.07.038","article-title":"Streptococcus thermophilus: From Yogurt Starter to A New Promising Probiotic Candidate?","volume":"37","author":"Uriot","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03480.x","article-title":"Review Article: Probiotics in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases","volume":"26","author":"Jonkers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640617736987","article-title":"Comparative Efficacy and Tolerability of Probiotics for Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000159217.47419.5b","article-title":"A Randomized Formula Controlled Trial of Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus for Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Infants","volume":"39","author":"Penna","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.02.019","article-title":"Probiotic VSL#3 Prevents Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea in A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"84","author":"Selinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"79","article-title":"Probiotics for the Treatment of Pediatric Helicobacter Pylori Infection: A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial","volume":"23","author":"Khodadad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.21757","article-title":"Lactic Acid Production by Streptococcus thermophilus Alters Clostridium Difficile Infection and in vitro Toxin A Production","volume":"3","author":"Kolling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi, R.K., Tan, F., Liao, W., Wang, Q., Mu, J.F., Zhou, X.R., Yang, Z.N., and Zhao, X. (2019). Isolation and Identification of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY05 from Natural Fermented Yak Yogurt and Its Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7110530"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"406","article-title":"The Neighbor-Joining Method: A New Method for Reconstructing Phylogenetic Trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Across Computing Platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2020, May 11). Acute Oral Toxicity Test of National Food Safety Standard. Available online: http:\/\/www.cssn.net.cn\/cssn\/front\/listpage.jsp."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02214","article-title":"In vitro Probiotic Potential and Anti-Cancer Activity of Newly Isolated Folate-Producing Streptococcus thermophilus Strains","volume":"9","author":"Tarrah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.271","article-title":"Effects of Panax Ginseng Polysaccharides on the Gut Microbiota in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea","volume":"124","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.250","article-title":"Effects of Schisandra Chinensis Polysaccharides on Rats with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea","volume":"124","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.09.002","article-title":"A Mouse Model of Clostridium difficile-Associated Disease","volume":"135","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01040","article-title":"Bacteroides fragilis Protects Against Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Rats By Modulating Intestinal Defenses","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.01.007","article-title":"Intake of Total Saponins and Polysaccharides From Polygonatum kingianum Affects the Gut Microbiota in Diabetic Rats","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00354","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis Improves Immunity and Disease Resistance in Rabbits","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2604","article-title":"Uparse: Highly Accurate OTU Sequences from Microbial Amplicon Reads","volume":"10","author":"Edgar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00062-07","article-title":"Naive Bayesian Classifier for Rapid Assignment of rRNA Sequences into the New Bacterial Taxonomy","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5069","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03006-05","article-title":"Greengenes, A Chimera-Checked 16S rRNA Gene Database and Workbench Compatible with ARB","volume":"72","author":"Desantis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"Qiime Allows Analysis of High-Throughput Community Sequencing Data","volume":"7","author":"Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","article-title":"MUSCLE: Multiple Sequence Alignment with High Accuracy and High Throughput","volume":"32","author":"Edgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price, M.N., Dehal, P.S., and Arkin, A.P. (2010). Fasttree 2-Approximately Maximum-Likelihood Trees for Large Alignments. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8228","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.12.8228-8235.2005","article-title":"Unifrac: A New Phylogenetic Method for Comparing Microbial Communities","volume":"71","author":"Loaupone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F.G., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., McGlinn, D., Minchin, P.R., O\u2019Hara, R.B., Simpson, G.L., and Solymos, P. (2020, March 05). Vegan: Community ecology package. R package: 2.5-3. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2676","article-title":"Predictive Functional Profiling of Microbial Communities Using 16S rRNA Marker Gene Sequences","volume":"31","author":"Langille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Wickham, H., Chang, E., Henry, L., Pedersen, T.L., Takahashi, K., Wilke, C., Woo, K., Yutani, H., and Dunnington, D. (2020, March 05). ggplot2: Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics. R Package Version 3.3.2. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1556\/EuJMI-D-14-00039","article-title":"Virulence Genes in A Probiotic E. Coli Product with A Recorded Long History of Safe Use","volume":"5","author":"Wassenaar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7416-9","article-title":"Integrate Genome-Based Assessment of Safety for Probiotic Strains: Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 as A Case Study","volume":"100","author":"Salvetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2015.08.014","article-title":"Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus Helveticus KLDS1.8701, A Probiotic Strain Producing Bacteriocin","volume":"212","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"e00265-100213","article-title":"Draft Genome Sequence Of The Tyramine Producer Enterococcus durans Strain IPLA 655","volume":"1","author":"Ladero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Announc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2015.11.012","article-title":"Complete Genome Sequence of Enterococcus durans KLDS6.0930, A Strain with Probiotic Properties","volume":"217","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamon, E., Horvatovich, P., Izquierdo, E., Bringel, F., Marchioni, E., Aoude-Werner, D., and Ennahar, S. (2011). Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Lactobacillus plantarum for the Identification of Key Proteins in Bile Tolerance. BMC Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-63"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-020-02000-8","article-title":"Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum EM, A Putative Probiotic Strain with the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect and Antimicrobial Activity","volume":"77","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6721","article-title":"Whole-Genome Based Validation of the Adaptive Properties of Indian Origin Probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus MTCC 5463","volume":"95","author":"Senan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2019-0219","article-title":"Characterization of the Sortase A from Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Involved in Adherence to Intestinal Cells","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2017.08.002","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of Adhesion Proteins in Lactobacilli Targeting Actin as Receptor","volume":"37","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probes"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, M., and Sareen, D. (2014). Novel Lant Associated Lantibiotic Clusters Identified by Genome Database Mining. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091352"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.1021\/bi300255s","article-title":"Structural Characterization of Four Prochlorosins: A Novel Class of Lantipeptides Produced by Planktonic Marine Cyanobacteria","volume":"51","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1318-0","article-title":"Molecular Dialogue Between the Human Gut Microbiota and the Host: A Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Perspective","volume":"71","author":"Turroni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582048","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/582048","article-title":"Clostridium butyricum Combined with Bifidobacterium infantis Probiotic Mixture Restores Fecal Microbiota and Attenuates Systemic Inflammation in Mice with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea","volume":"2015","author":"Ling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01346-15","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01346-15","article-title":"Antibiotic-Driven Dysbiosis Mediates Intraluminal Agglutination and Alternative Segregation of Enterococcus faecium From the Intestinal Epithelium","volume":"6","author":"Hendrickx","year":"2015","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.07.003","article-title":"Dysbiotic Proteobacteria Expansion: A Microbial Signature of Epithelial Dysfunction","volume":"39","author":"Litvak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.06.019","article-title":"Early-Life Antibiotic Exposure Causes Intestinal Dysbiosis and Exacerbates Skin and Lung Pathology in Experimental Systemic Sclerosis","volume":"137","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8836","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08732-1","article-title":"Stability in Metabolic Phenotypes and Inferred Metagenome Profiles Before the Onset of Colitis-Induced Inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Glymenaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5570","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.5570","article-title":"Potentially Probiotic Bacteria Induce Efficient Maturation but Differential Cytokine Production in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells","volume":"14","author":"Latvala","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.1192","article-title":"Probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. cremoris and Streptococcus thermophilus Induce Il-12 and IFN-Gamma Production","volume":"14","author":"Kekkonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04408.x","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Streptococcus thermophilus Induce Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling 3 (SOCS3) Gene Expression Directly and Indirectly via Interleukin-10 in Human Primary Macrophages","volume":"165","author":"Latvala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03296-13","article-title":"Genetically Engineered Immunomodulatory Streptococcus thermophilus Strains Producing Antioxidant Enzymes Exhibit Enhanced Antiinflammatory Activities","volume":"80","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000254","article-title":"Assessment of the Capability of A Gelling Complex Made of Tara Gum and the Exopolysaccharides Produced by the Microorganism Streptococcus thermophilus ST10 to Prospectively Restore the Gut Physiological Barrier: A Pilot Study","volume":"48","author":"Balzarini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey, J.R., Probert, C.S.J., and Cogan, T.A. (2011). Identification and Characterisation of An Iron-Responsive Candidate Probiotic. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026507"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2016.0110","article-title":"Streptococcus thermophilus NCIMB 41856 ameliorates Signs of Colitis in An Animal Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"8","author":"Bailey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01116","article-title":"Dynamic Alterations in Yak Rumen Bacteria Community and Metabolome Characteristics in Response to Feed Type","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-019-1967-2","article-title":"Bacterial Diversity in Intestinal Mucosa of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea Mice","volume":"9","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2016.1138197","article-title":"Impact of Probiotic Supplements on Microbiome Diversity Following Antibiotic Treatment of Mice","volume":"7","author":"Grazul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i1.60","article-title":"Sodium Butyrate Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Mice by Improving Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Barrier","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-019-0364-5","article-title":"Defining the Role of Parasutterella, A Previously uncharacterized Member of the Core Gut Microbiota","volume":"13","author":"Ju","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.08.049","article-title":"A Pyrosequencing Study in Twins Shows That Gastrointestinal Microbial Profiles Vary with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Phenotypes","volume":"139","author":"Willing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00280","article-title":"The Gut Microbiome Influences Host Endocrine Functions","volume":"40","author":"Rastelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/8\/11\/1650\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:27:32Z","timestamp":1760178452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/8\/11\/1650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms8111650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8111650","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]}}}