{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:47:13Z","timestamp":1790621233321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["470059\/2014-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["470059\/2014-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["133395\/2017-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["133395\/2017-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptococcus neoformans is a human pathogenic fungus that mainly afflicts immunocompromised patients. One of its virulence strategies is the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing cargo with immunomodulatory properties. We evaluated EV\u2019s characteristics produced by capsular and acapsular strains of C. neoformans (B3501 and \u0394Cap67, respectively) growing in nutritionally poor or rich media and co-cultures with bone marrow-derived macrophages or dendritic cells from C57BL\/6 mice. EVs produced under a poor nutritional condition displayed a larger hydrodynamic size, contained more virulence compounds, and induced a more robust inflammatory pattern than those produced in a rich nutritional medium, independently of strain. We treated infected mice with EVs produced in the rich medium, and the EVs inhibited more genes related to the inflammasome than untreated infected mice. These findings suggest that the EVs participate in the pathogenic processes that result in the dissemination of C. neoformans. Thus, these results highlight the versatility of EVs\u2019 properties during infection by C. neoformans in different tissues and support ongoing efforts to harness EVs to prevent and treat cryptococcosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T07:41:00Z","timestamp":1605685260000},"page":"1815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Nutritional Conditions Modulate C. neoformans Extracellular Vesicles\u2019 Capacity to Elicit Host Immune Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0819-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara Luna","family":"Marina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Immunity, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7690-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Henrique","family":"B\u00fcrgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Immunity, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2242-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Paiva","family":"Agostinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Zamith-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas de Oliveira","family":"Las-Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Immunity, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo Henrique","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Ceil\u00e2ndia, University of Brasilia, Distrito Federal 72220-275, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9905-5754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua Daniel","family":"Nosanchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3323-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anamelia Lorenzetti","family":"Bocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Immunity, Institute of Biology Sciences, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.07.004","article-title":"Primary and opportunistic pathogens associated with meningitis in adults in Bangui, Central African Republic, in relation to human immunodeficiency virus serostatus","volume":"10","author":"Bekondi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. 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