{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:26:33Z","timestamp":1790515593968,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":177,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G065220N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G065220N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anthrax is a highly resilient and deadly disease caused by the spore-forming bacterial pathogen Bacillus anthracis. The bacterium presents a complex and dynamic composition of its cell envelope, which changes in response to developmental and environmental conditions and host-dependent signals. Because of their easy to access extracellular locations, B. anthracis cell envelope components represent interesting targets for the identification and development of novel therapeutic and vaccine strategies. This review will focus on the novel insights regarding the composition, physiological role, and clinical relevance of B. anthracis cell envelope components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T09:04:15Z","timestamp":1606381455000},"page":"1864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Bacillus anthracis Cell Envelope: Composition, Physiological Role, and Clinical Relevance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7288-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Chateau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Avignon Universit\u00e9, INRAE, UMR SQPOV, F-84914 Avignon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8783-1194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sander E.","family":"Van der Verren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9775-4102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Remaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4065-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Fioravanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-020-01474-z","article-title":"Factors Contributing to Anthrax Outbreaks in the Circumpolar North","volume":"17","author":"Hueffer","year":"2020","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"82","article-title":"Persistent anthrax as a major driver of wildlife mortality in a tropical rainforest","volume":"548","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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