{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:29:30Z","timestamp":1772252970248,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001138","name":"Australian Biological Resources Study","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF217-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF217-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001138","name":"Australian Biological Resources Study","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBG18-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBG18-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The strongyloid nematode subfamily Phascolostrongylinae comprises parasites of the large intestine and stomach of Australian macropods and wombats. In this study, we tested the phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the Phascolostrongylinae using the first and second internal transcribed spacers of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Monophyly was encountered in the tribe Phascolostrongylinea comprising two genera, Phascolostrongylus and Oesophagostomoides, found exclusively in the large intestine of wombats. The tribe Hypodontinea, represented by the genera Hypodontus and Macropicola from the ileum and large intestine of macropods, was also found to be monophyletic. The tribe Macropostrongyloidinea, comprising the genera Macropostrongyloides and Paramacropostrongylus, was paraphyletic with the species occurring in the stomach grouping separately from those found in the large intestines of their hosts. However, Macropostrongyloidesdissimilis from the stomach of the swamp wallaby and Paramacropostrongylus toraliformis from the large intestine of the eastern grey kangaroo were distinct from their respective congeners. This study provided strong support for the generic composition of the tribe Phascolostrongylinea. The unexpected finding of M. dissimilis and P. toraliformis being distantly related to their respective congeners suggests a requirement for future taxonomic revision that may warrant separation of these species at the generic level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9010009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T20:39:29Z","timestamp":1608669569000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phylogenetic Relationships within the Nematode Subfamily Phascolostrongylinae (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) from Australian Macropodid and Vombatid Marsupials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3181-5045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanapan","family":"Sukee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Beveridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Jawad","family":"Sabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8888-0046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Jabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"The systematic status of Australian strongyloidea (Nematoda)","volume":"9","author":"Beveridge","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coulson, G., and Eldridge, M.D.B. (2010). Diversity and distribution of helminth parasites in macropodoid marsupials. Macropods the Biology of Kangaroos, Wallabies, and Rat-Kangaroos, CSRIO Publishing.","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643098183"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Lichtenfels, J.R. (1980). Keys to The Genera of The Superfamily Strongyloidea: Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Veterbrates."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/19.4.1185","article-title":"A Conventional Approach to a New Classification of the Strongyloidea, Nematode Parasites of Mammals","volume":"19","author":"Lichtenfels","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. Zo\u00f6l."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(05)80004-9","article-title":"Detection by allozyme electrophoresis of cryptic species of Hypodontus macropi (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) from macropodid marsupials","volume":"22","author":"Chilton","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(94)00171-J","article-title":"Differences in a ribosomal DNA sequence of morphologically indistinguishable species within the Hypodontus macropi complex (Nematoda: Strongyloidea)","volume":"25","author":"Chilton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3544","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201200364","article-title":"Genetic variation within the Hypodontus macropi (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) complex from macropodid marsupial hosts in Australia","volume":"33","author":"Chilton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00006943","article-title":"Electrophoretic and morphological analysis of Paramacropostrongylus typicus (Nematoda: Strongyloidea), with the description of a new species, Paramacropostrongylus iugalis, from the eastern grey kangaroo Macropus giganteus","volume":"24","author":"Chilton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Syst. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00024-6","article-title":"Evidence for hybridisation between Paramacropostrongylus iugalis and P. typicus (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) in grey kangaroos, Macropus fuliginosus and M. giganteus, in a zone of sympatry in eastern Australia","volume":"27","author":"Chilton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(93)90094-F","article-title":"Sibling species within Macropostrongyloides baylisi (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) from macropodid marsupials","volume":"23","author":"Beveridge","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019001008","article-title":"Genetic variation within the genus Macropostrongyloides (Nematoda: Strongyloidea) from Australian macropodid and vombatid marsupials","volume":"146","author":"Sukee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00134-3","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships of Australian strongyloid nematodes inferred from ribosomal DNA sequence data","volume":"27","author":"Chilton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO08068","article-title":"Genetic variation within species of the nematode genus Cloacina (Strongyloidea: Cloacininae) parasitic in the stomachs of rock wallabies, Petrogale spp. (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in Queensland","volume":"57","author":"Chilton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1178-y","article-title":"Genetic divergence between island and continental populations of the parasitic nematode Labiosimplex australis in Australia","volume":"104","author":"Chilton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.09.031","article-title":"Genetic variation within and among species of Cloacina (Strongyloidea: Cloacinine) from the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor (Marsupialia: Macropodidae)","volume":"28","author":"Shuttleworth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2012.03.002","article-title":"Molecular evidence for a cryptic species within the parasitic nematode Macroponema comani (Strongyloidea: Cloacininae)","volume":"26","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probes"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, S., and Groves, C. (2015). Taxonomy of Australian Mammals, CSIRO Publishing.","DOI":"10.1071\/9781486300136"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.10.2525","article-title":"Rapid sequencing of rDNA from single worms and eggs of parasitic helminths","volume":"21","author":"Gasser","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1079\/AHR200497","article-title":"The use of nuclear ribosomal DNA markers for the identification of bursate nematodes (Order Strongylida) and for the diagnosis of infections","volume":"5","author":"Chilton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Heal. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4354","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.20.4354","article-title":"Convenient single-step, one tube purification of PCR products for direct sequencing","volume":"22","author":"Werle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across Computing platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts199","article-title":"Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data","volume":"28","author":"Kearse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg180","article-title":"MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models","volume":"19","author":"Ronquist","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.2307\/2408678","article-title":"Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap","volume":"39","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"772","article-title":"PartitionFinder 2: New Methods for Selecting Partitioned Models of Evolution for Molecular and Morphological Phylogenetic Analyses","volume":"34","author":"Lanfear","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.2307\/3279955","article-title":"Corollostrongylus hypsiprymnodontis gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Strongylidae) from the rat-kangaroo, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus (Marsupialia)","volume":"64","author":"Beveridge","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.2307\/3283203","article-title":"A new species of Oesophagostomoides (Nematoda: Cloacinidae) from the Northern Hairy-Nosed Wombat, Lasiorhinus krefftii with a key to species of the genus","volume":"80","author":"Smales","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sukee, T., Koehler, A.V., Hall, R., Beveridge, I., Gasser, R.B., and Jabbar, A. (2020). Phylogenetic analysis of mitogenomic data sets resolves the relationship of seven Macropostrongyloides species from Australian macropodid and vombatid Marsupials. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9121042"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/1\/9\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:48:26Z","timestamp":1760179706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/1\/9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms9010009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9010009","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-75480\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]}}}