{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T08:41:32Z","timestamp":1769157692728,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan","award":["25257501 and 17H01685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25257501 and 17H01685"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Differences in the gut microbial content of Lutzomyia (Lu.) ayacuchensis, a primary vector of Andean-type cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ecuador and Peru, may influence the susceptibility of these sand flies to infection by Leishmania. As a first step toward addressing this hypothesis, a comparative analysis of bacterial and fungal compositions from Lu. ayacuchensis populations with differential susceptibilities to Leishmania was performed. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplification and Illumina MiSeq sequencing approaches were used to characterize the bacterial composition in wild-caught populations from the Andean areas of Ecuador and southern Peru at which the sand fly species transmit Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana and Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana, respectively, and a population from the northern Peruvian Andes at which the transmission of Leishmania by Lu. ayacuchensis has not been reported. In the present study, 59 genera were identified, 21 of which were widely identified and comprised more than 95% of all bacteria. Of the 21 dominant bacterial genera identified in the sand flies collected, 10 genera had never been detected in field sand flies. The Ecuador and southern Peru populations each comprised individuals of particular genera, while overlap was clearly observed between microbes isolated from different sites, such as the number of soil organisms. Similarly, Corynebacterium and Micrococcus were slightly more dominant bacterial genera in the southern Peru population, while Ochrobactrum was the most frequently isolated from other populations. On the other hand, fungi were only found in the southern Peru population and dominated by the Papiliotrema genus. These results suggest that variation in the insect gut microbiota may be elucidated by the ecological diversity of sand flies in Peru and Ecuador, which may influence susceptibility to Leishmania infection. The present study provides key insights for understanding the role of the microbiota during the course of L. (L.) mexicana and L. (V.) peruviana infections in this important vector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9010068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T10:04:46Z","timestamp":1609236286000},"page":"68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Bacterial Communities in Lutzomyia ayacuchensis Populations with Different Vector Competence to Leishmania Parasites in Ecuador and Peru"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9951-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Tabbabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2825-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiki","family":"Mizushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abraham G.","family":"Caceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Entomolog\u00eda, Instituto de Medicina Tropical \u201cDaniel A. Carri\u00f3n\u201d y Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Microbiolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Entomolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima 15081, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo A","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitologia y Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Catolica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke S.","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8909-3885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longzhu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Hashiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5429-9536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirotomo","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.49.061802.123416","article-title":"The gut bacteria of insects: Non-pathogenic interactions","volume":"49","author":"Dillon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. 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