{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:52:28Z","timestamp":1791906748937,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection 10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection 10-IAHU-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection","award":["InfectioP\u00f4le Sud"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["InfectioP\u00f4le Sud"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study assessed the clonal diversity, the resistance profile and the virulence potential of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diabetic foot infection (DFI) and diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFOM). A retrospective single-centre study was conducted on patients diagnosed with E. coli isolated from deep DFI and DFOM at Clinique du Pied Diab\u00e9tique Gard-Occitanie (France) over a two-year period. Phylogenetic backgrounds, virulence factors (VFs) and antibiotic resistance profiles were determined. Whole-genome analysis of E. coli strains isolated from same patients at different periods were performed. From the two-years study period, 35 E. coli strains isolated from 33 patients were analysed; 73% were isolated from DFOM. The majority of the strains belonged to the virulent B2 and D phylogenetic groups (82%). These isolates exhibited a significant higher average of VFs number than strains belonging to other groups (p &lt; 0.001). papG2 gene was significantly more detected in strains belonging to B2 phylogroup isolated from DFI compared to DFOM (p = 0.003). The most prevalent antibiotic resistance pattern was observed for ampicillin (82%), cotrimoxazole (45%), and ciprofloxacin (33%). The genome analysis of strains isolated at two periods in DFOM showed a decrease of the genome size, and this decrease was more important for the strain isolated at nine months (vs. four months). A shared mutation on the putative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase-encoding gene aidB was observed on both strains. E. coli isolates from DFOM were highly genetically diverse with different pathogenicity traits. Their adaptation in the bone structure could require genome reduction and some important modifications in the balance virulence\/resistance of the bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T02:08:12Z","timestamp":1613268492000},"page":"380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Escherichia coli Isolated from Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: Clonal Diversity, Resistance Profile, Virulence Potential, and Genome Adaptation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alexi","family":"Lienard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VBIC, INSERM U1047, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, UFR de M\u00e9decine, 30908 N\u00eemes CEDEX 2, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2087-4106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Hosny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9 UM63, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement IRD 198, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (ME\u03a6I), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7872-3327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Jneid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9 UM63, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement IRD 198, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (ME\u03a6I), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Schuldiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VBIC, INSERM U1047, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Service des Maladies M\u00e9taboliques et Endocriniennes, CHU N\u00eemes, 30029 N\u00eemes CEDEX 09, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Cellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019Orthop\u00e9die, CHU N\u00eemes, 30029 N\u00eemes CEDEX 09, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6463-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Sotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VBIC, INSERM U1047, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU N\u00eemes, 30029 N\u00eemes CEDEX 09, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8006-7704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"La Scola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9 UM63, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement IRD 198, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (ME\u03a6I), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9484-0304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Lavigne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VBIC, INSERM U1047, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygi\u00e8ne Hospitali\u00e8re, CHU N\u00eemes, 30029 N\u00eemes CEDEX 09, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alix","family":"Pantel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VBIC, INSERM U1047, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygi\u00e8ne Hospitali\u00e8re, CHU N\u00eemes, 30029 N\u00eemes CEDEX 09, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439","article-title":"Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence","volume":"376","author":"Armstrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. 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