{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:49:07Z","timestamp":1760233747575,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4) can infect human and murine thymic epithelial cells (TECs). In a murine TEC cell line, CV-B4 can downregulate the transcription of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) gene coding for the self-peptide of the insulin family. In this study, we show that CV-B4 infections of a murine TEC cell line decreased Igf2 P3 promoter activity by targeting a region near the transcription start site; however, the stability of Igf2 transcripts remained unchanged, indicating a regulation of Igf2 transcription. Furthermore, CV-B4 infections decreased STAT3 phosphorylation in vitro. We also showed that mice infected with CV-B4 had an altered expression of Igf2 isoforms as detected in TECs, followed by a decrease in the pro-IGF2 precursor in the thymus. Our study sheds new light on the intrathymic regulation of Igf2 transcription during CV-B4 infections and supports the hypothesis that a viral infection can disrupt central self-tolerance to insulin by decreasing Igf2 transcription in the thymic epithelium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T05:52:49Z","timestamp":1613368369000},"page":"402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modulation of IGF2 Expression in the Murine Thymus and Thymic Epithelial Cells Following Coxsackievirus-B4 Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Michaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aymen","family":"Halouani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Universit\u00e9 de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Trussart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Renard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hela","family":"Ja\u00efdane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Universit\u00e9 de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8733-7284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Geenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Hober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Universit\u00e9 de Lille CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14089","article-title":"The presentation of neuroendocrine self-peptides in the thymus: An essential event for individual life and vertebrate survival","volume":"1455","author":"Geenen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. 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