{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T07:43:38Z","timestamp":1770277418417,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["777111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["777111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008398","name":"Villum Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.364607\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.364607\/2019-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201336\/2018-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201336\/2018-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305093\/2015-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305093\/2015-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["405233\/2016-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405233\/2016-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ 02600-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ 02600-17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013704","name":"CONACYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CVU659273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CVU659273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91693321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91693321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-positive, facultative intracellular, pathogenic bacterium that infects several different hosts, yielding serious economic losses in livestock farming. It causes several diseases including oedematous skin disease (OSD) in buffaloes, ulcerative lymphangitis (UL) in horses, and caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in sheep, goats and humans. Despite its economic and medical-veterinary importance, our understanding concerning this organism\u2019s transcriptional regulatory mechanisms is still limited. Here, we review the state of the art knowledge on transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of this pathogenic species, covering regulatory interactions mediated by two-component systems, transcription factors and sigma factors. Key transcriptional regulatory players involved in virulence and pathogenicity of C. pseudotuberculosis, such as the PhoPR system and DtxR, are in the focus of this review, as these regulators are promising targets for future vaccine design and drug development. We conclude that more experimental studies are needed to further understand the regulatory repertoire of this important zoonotic pathogen, and that regulators are promising targets for future vaccine design and drug development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T01:47:33Z","timestamp":1613526453000},"page":"415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Transcriptional Regulatory Network of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0947-3459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doglas","family":"Parise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Teixeira Dornelles Parise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Cybelle","family":"Pinto Gomide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1067-1882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via","family":"Figueira Aburjaile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-1702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Bentes Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisol","family":"Salgado-Albarr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05348, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Tauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4775-2280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasco","family":"Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Baumbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany"},{"name":"Computational BioMedicine lab, Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Chair of Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.00101","article-title":"Small RNAs as fundamental players in the transference of information during bacterial infectious diseases","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuz001","article-title":"Diversity, versatility and complexity of bacterial gene regulation mechanisms: Opportunities and drawbacks for applications in synthetic biology","volume":"43","author":"Bervoets","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumbach, J., Brinkrolf, K., Czaja, L.F., Rahmann, S., and Tauch, A. (2006). CoryneRegNet: An ontology-based data warehouse of corynebacterial transcription factors and regulatory networks. BMC Genomics, 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-7-24"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-243-4_8","article-title":"Methods to reconstruct and compare transcriptional regulatory networks","volume":"541","author":"Babu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158441","article-title":"The transcriptional landscape of the yeast genome defined by RNA sequencing","volume":"320","author":"Nagalakshmi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5235.467","article-title":"Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray","volume":"270","author":"Schena","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.249","article-title":"Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) for detecting protein\u2014Nucleic acid interactions","volume":"2","author":"Hellman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(86)90149-0","article-title":"The use of gel electrophoresis to detect and study nucleic acid\u2014Protein interactions","volume":"11","author":"Garner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(02)50979-4","article-title":"ChIP-chip: A genomic approach for identifying transcription factor binding sites","volume":"350","author":"Horak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Guide Yeast Genet. Mol. Cell Biol. Part B"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.009","article-title":"High-resolution profiling of histone methylations in the human genome","volume":"129","author":"Barski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.12659\/MSMBR.892101","article-title":"Comparing bioinformatic gene expression profiling methods: Microarray and RNA-Seq","volume":"20","author":"Mantione","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit. Basic Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1364","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1364","article-title":"RNA-Seq methods for transcriptome analysis","volume":"8","author":"Hrdlickova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. RNA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0180-6","article-title":"RNA-seq: From technology to biology","volume":"67","author":"Marguerat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/18.4.546","article-title":"A comparative review of statistical methods for discovering differentially expressed genes in replicated microarray experiments","volume":"18","author":"Pan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djk018","article-title":"Critical review of published microarray studies for cancer outcome and guidelines on statistical analysis and reporting","volume":"99","author":"Dupuy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3306","article-title":"ChIP-seq and beyond: New and improved methodologies to detect and characterize protein\u2014DNA interactions","volume":"13","author":"Furey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genetics"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2641","article-title":"ChIP-seq: Advantages and challenges of a maturing technology","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genetics"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2003.11.004","article-title":"ChIP-chip: Considerations for the design, analysis, and application of genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments","volume":"83","author":"Buck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D212","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1077","article-title":"RegulonDB v 10.5: Tackling challenges to unify classic and high throughput knowledge of gene regulation in E. coli K-12","volume":"47","author":"Salgado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D743","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx908","article-title":"SubtiWiki in 2018: From genes and proteins to functional network annotation of the model organism Bacillus subtilis","volume":"46","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibarra-Arellano, M.A., Campos-Gonz\u00e1lez, A.I., Trevi\u00f1o-Quintanilla, L.G., Tauch, A., and Freyre-Gonz\u00e1lez, J.A. (2016). Abasy Atlas: A comprehensive inventory of systems, global network properties and systems-level elements across bacteria. Database, 2016.","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/baw089"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-0484-9","article-title":"CoryneRegNet 7, the reference database and analysis platform for corynebacterial gene regulatory networks","volume":"7","author":"Parise","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00098-2","article-title":"Virulence factor regulation and regulatory networks in Streptococcus pyogenes and their impact on pathogen\u2014Host interactions","volume":"11","author":"Kreikemeyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ib00132b","article-title":"On the trail of EHEC\/EAEC\u2014Unraveling the gene regulatory networks of human pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Pauling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12337","article-title":"The Mycobacterium tuberculosis regulatory network and hypoxia","volume":"499","author":"Galagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5154","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913551107","article-title":"Lsr2 is a nucleoid-associated protein that targets AT-rich sequences and virulence genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"107","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalo-Asensio, J., Mostowy, S., Harders-Westerveen, J., Huygen, K., Hern\u00e1ndez-Pando, R., Thole, J., Behr, M., Gicquel, B., and Mart\u00edn, C. (2008). PhoP: A missing piece in the intricate puzzle of Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003496"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17665","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17751-x","article-title":"The transcriptome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a lipid-rich dormancy model through RNAseq analysis","volume":"7","author":"Tilleman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40814-0","article-title":"Characterisation of genes differentially expressed in macrophages by virulent and attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis through RNA-Seq analysis","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10778-w","article-title":"An integrated genomic regulatory network of virulence-related transcriptional factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danielli, A., Amore, G., and Scarlato, V. (2010). Built shallow to maintain homeostasis and persistent infection: Insight into the transcriptional regulatory network of the gastric human pathogen Helicobacter pylori. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000938"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2005056","article-title":"Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: Microbiology, biochemical properties, pathogenesis and molecular studies of virulence","volume":"37","author":"Dorella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2004.00388.x","article-title":"A herd level analysis of a Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis outbreak in a dairy cattle herd","volume":"15","author":"Yeruham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01211-10","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis I19, a strain isolated from a cow in Israel with Bovine Mastitis","volume":"193","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12589","article-title":"Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in horses: Increasing frequency and spread to new regions of North America","volume":"29","author":"Spier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet. Educ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0450.2001.00451.x","article-title":"Oedematous skin disease of buffalo in Egypt","volume":"48","author":"Selim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.03.023","article-title":"Caseous lymphadenitis: Present and near forgotten from persistent vaccination?","volume":"142","author":"Windsor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000477","article-title":"Recombinant esterase from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in DNA and subunit recombinant vaccines partially protects mice against challenge","volume":"66","author":"Brum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117793221875533","DOI":"10.1177\/1177932218755337","article-title":"Immune-informatic analysis and design of peptide vaccine from multi-epitopes against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"Franceschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinform. Biol. Insights"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto, A.C., de S\u00e1, P.H.C.G., Ramos, R.T.J., Barbosa, S., Barbosa, H.P.M., Ribeiro, A.C., Silva, W.M., Rocha, F.S., Santana, M.P., and de Paula Castro, T.L. (2014). Differential transcriptional profile of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in response to abiotic stresses. BMC Genomics, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-14"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.12.015","article-title":"Heat shock stress: Profile of differential expression in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar Equi","volume":"645","author":"Gomide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.08.028","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar Equi in two conditions of the environmental stress","volume":"677","author":"Gomide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibraim, I.C., Parise, M.T.D., Parise, D., Sfeir, M.Z.T., de Paula Castro, T.L., Wattam, A.R., Ghosh, P., Barh, D., Souza, E.M., and G\u00f3es-Neto, A. (2019). Transcriptome profile of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in response to iron limitation. BMC Genomics, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-6018-1"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/005926-0","article-title":"Expression of phospholipase D, the major virulence factor of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, is regulated by multiple environmental factors and plays a role in macrophage death","volume":"153","author":"McKean","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11058.x","article-title":"Identification and role in virulence of putative iron acquisition genes from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis","volume":"208","author":"Billington","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1039\/C4IB00140K","article-title":"C. pseudotuberculosis Phop confers virulence and may be targeted by natural compounds","volume":"6","author":"Tiwari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150010","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2015.10","article-title":"A comprehensive map of genome-wide gene regulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"2","author":"Turkarslan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, F., Yang, Y., Zhong, J., Gao, H., Khan, L., Thompson, D.K., and Zhou, J. (2007). Constructing gene co-expression networks and predicting functions of unknown genes by random matrix theory. BMC Bioinform., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-299"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Li, L., Long, X., You, W., Zhong, Y., Wang, M., Tao, H., Lin, S., and He, H. (2018). Construction and Analysis of gene co-expression networks in Escherichia coli. Cells, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7030019"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2006.12.013","article-title":"The transcriptional regulatory network of the amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum","volume":"129","author":"Brinkrolf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2009.08.005","article-title":"The GlxR regulon of the amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum: Detection of the corynebacterial core regulon and integration into the transcriptional regulatory network model","volume":"143","author":"Kohl","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balasubramanian, D., Schneper, L., Kumari, H., and Mathee, K. (2013). A dynamic and intricate regulatory network determines Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence. Nucleic Acids Res., 41.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1039"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13855","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.202353699","article-title":"Virulence control in group A Streptococcus by a two-component gene regulatory system: Global expression profiling and in vivo infection modeling","volume":"99","author":"Graham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franco, E.F., Rana, P., Queiroz Cavalcante, A.L., da Silva, A.L., Cybelle Pinto Gomide, A., Carneiro Folador, A.R., Azevedo, V., Ghosh, P., and Ramos, R.T.J. (2020). Co-expression networks for causal gene identification based on RNA-Seq data of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202006.0144.v1"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39684","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39684","article-title":"miRsig: A consensus-based network inference methodology to identify pan-cancer miRNA-miRNA interaction signatures","volume":"7","author":"Nalluri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08125-4","article-title":"Determining causal miRNAs and their signaling cascade in diseases using an influence diffusion model","volume":"7","author":"Nalluri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D940","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1013","article-title":"OGEE v2: An update of the online gene essentiality database with special focus on differentially essential genes in human cancer cell lines","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.7.3845-3854.2004","article-title":"Impact of heterologous expression of Escherichia coli UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase on trehalose and glycogen synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum","volume":"70","author":"Padilla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2005.07.001","article-title":"Potential drug targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis through metabolic pathway analysis","volume":"29","author":"Anishetty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01217.x","article-title":"Corynebacterium glutamicum arginyl-tRNA synthetase","volume":"8","author":"Sharp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.052308-0","article-title":"The biochemical properties of the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI)-encoded proteins IglA, IglB, IglC, PdpB and DotU suggest roles in type VI secretion","volume":"157","author":"Duplantis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synbio.2019.05.002","article-title":"Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114 based on whole-genome sequencing for efficient n-acetylglucosamine synthesis","volume":"4","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Synth. Syst. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6429","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.23.6429-6432.1998","article-title":"mraY is an essential gene for cell growth in Escherichia coli","volume":"180","author":"Boyle","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7356","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.22.7356-7362.1993","article-title":"A gene encoding arginyl-tRNA synthetase is located in the upstream region of the lysA gene in Brevibacterium lactofermentum: Regulation of argS-lysA cluster expression by arginine","volume":"175","author":"Oguiza","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.062182","article-title":"IcmF is a fusion between the radical B12 enzyme isobutyryl-CoA mutase and its G-protein chaperone","volume":"285","author":"Cracan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.66.1337","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of acetate metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum using a newly developed metabolic array","volume":"66","author":"Hayashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"S38","article-title":"Purification and characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase","volume":"71","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7139","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.11.7139-7144.2005","article-title":"Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for l-serine production","volume":"71","author":"Stolz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(94)90024-8","article-title":"Cyclic AMP-dependent expression of the Escherichia coli serC-aroA operon","volume":"1218","author":"Lim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.3.1021-1026.1991","article-title":"The Escherichia coli mraY gene encoding UDP-n-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide: Undecaprenyl-phosphate phospho-n-acetylmuramoyl-pentapeptide transferase","volume":"173","author":"Ikeda","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935736","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/935736","article-title":"Cell envelope of corynebacteria: Structure and influence on pathogenicity","volume":"2013","author":"Burkovski","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17845","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005139107","article-title":"Probabilistic integrative modeling of genome-scale metabolic and regulatory networks in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"107","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.01.006","article-title":"Structural and functional features of enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptidoglycan biosynthesis as targets for drug development","volume":"95","author":"Moraes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt403","article-title":"nhmmer: DNA homology search with profile HMMs","volume":"29","author":"Wheeler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00167109","article-title":"Response regulators of bacterial signal transduction systems: Selective domain shuffling during evolution","volume":"40","author":"Pao","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(02)00761-X","article-title":"Tandem DNA recognition by PhoB, a two-component signal transduction transcriptional activator","volume":"10","author":"Blanco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00070-9","article-title":"Two-component and phosphorelay signal transduction","volume":"3","author":"Hoch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00218-3","article-title":"Regulation of Brucella virulence by the two-component system BvrR\/BvrS","volume":"90","author":"Manterola","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(01)00355-8","article-title":"Histidine kinases as targets for new antimicrobial agents","volume":"10","author":"Matsushita","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.02.060","article-title":"Extended safety studies of the attenuated live tuberculosis vaccine SO2 based on phoP mutant","volume":"27","author":"Cardona","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150039","article-title":"Evolution of two-component signal transduction systems","volume":"66","author":"Capra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sorger-Herrmann, U., Taniguchi, H., and Wendisch, V.F. (2015). Regulation of the pstSCAB operon in Corynebacterium glutamicum by the regulator of acetate metabolism RamB. BMC Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0437-1"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02512-07","article-title":"A Legionella pneumophila Peptidyl-Prolyl cis-trans Isomerase Present in Culture Supernatants is necessary for optimal growth at low temperatures","volume":"74","author":"Cianciotto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13392","DOI":"10.1021\/bi981253w","article-title":"Cyclophilin and Trigger factor from Bacillus subtilis catalyze in Vitro protein folding and are necessary for viability under starvation conditions\u2020","volume":"37","author":"Scholz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00015-14","article-title":"Microbial Peptidyl-Prolyl cis\/trans Isomerases (PPIases): Virulence factors and potential alternative drug targets","volume":"78","author":"Unal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, S., Choi, E., Cho, Y.-J., Nam, D., Lee, J., and Lee, E.-J. (2019). The Salmonella virulence protein MgtC promotes phosphate uptake inside macrophages. Nat. Commun., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11318-2"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03313.x","article-title":"Unravelling the biology of macrophage infection by gene expression profiling of intracellular Salmonella enterica","volume":"47","author":"Eriksson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heithoff, D.M., Shimp, W.R., House, J.K., Xie, Y., Weimer, B.C., Sinsheimer, R.L., and Mahan, M.J. (2012). Intraspecies variation in the emergence of hyperinfectious bacterial strains in nature. PLoS Pathog., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002647"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D309","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1085","article-title":"eggNOG 5.0: A hierarchical, functionally and phylogenetically annotated orthology resource based on 5090 organisms and 2502 viruses","volume":"47","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01821-06","article-title":"The ChrA-ChrS and HrrA-HrrS signal transduction systems are required for activation of the hmuO promoter and repression of the hemA promoter in Corynebacterium diphtheriae","volume":"75","author":"Bibb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01130-10","article-title":"Control of heme homeostasis in Corynebacterium glutamicum by the two-component system HrrSA","volume":"193","author":"Frunzke","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6547","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa415","article-title":"HrrSA orchestrates a systemic response to heme and determines prioritization of terminal cytochrome oxidase expression","volume":"48","author":"Keppel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro787","article-title":"The regulation of bacterial transcription initiation","volume":"2","author":"Browning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.04.011","article-title":"Bacterial transcription factors: Regulation by pick \u201cN\u201d Mix","volume":"431","author":"Browning","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398264-3.00002-4","article-title":"Elemental economy: Microbial strategies for optimizing growth in the face of nutrient limitation","volume":"60","author":"Merchant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Microb. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00055-X","article-title":"Bacterial iron homeostasis","volume":"27","author":"Andrews","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104370","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis-infected spleen of dairy goats","volume":"147","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.2.422-433.2005","article-title":"Analysis of a DtxR-regulated iron transport and siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster in Corynebacterium diphtheriae","volume":"187","author":"Kunkle","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trost, E., Ott, L., Schneider, J., Schr\u00f6der, J., Jaenicke, S., Goesmann, A., Husemann, P., Stoye, J., Dorella, F.A., and Rocha, F.S. (2010). The complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis FRC41 isolated from a 12-year-old girl with necrotizing lymphadenitis reveals insights into gene-regulatory networks contributing to virulence. BMC Genomics, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-728"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7368","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00294-06","article-title":"In vivo insertional mutagenesis in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: An efficient means to identify DNA sequences encoding exported proteins","volume":"72","author":"Dorella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-45-28","article-title":"An iron-acquisition-deficient mutant of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis efficiently protects mice against challenge","volume":"45","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI73469","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis airway secretions exhibit mucin hyperconcentration and increased osmotic pressure","volume":"124","author":"Henderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201411296","article-title":"Bacterial responses to osmotic challenges","volume":"145","author":"Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1256538","article-title":"How to manage stress: Lessons from an intracellular pathogen","volume":"8","author":"Janakiraman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.07.009","article-title":"Bacterial stress responses during host infection","volume":"20","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2010.18","article-title":"Metabolomic and transcriptomic stress response of Escherichia coli","volume":"6","author":"Jozefczuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.69.2.326-356.2005","article-title":"The TetR family of transcriptional repressors","volume":"69","author":"Ramos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.075291-0","article-title":"A new regulator of pathogenicity (bvlR) is required for full virulence and tight microcolony formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"160","author":"McCarthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.2.6.619","article-title":"Methionine sulfoxide reductases and virulence of bacterial pathogens","volume":"2","author":"Sasindran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.9.3911-3916.2000","article-title":"Contribution of dps to acid stress tolerance and oxidative stress tolerance in Escherichia coli O157: H7","volume":"66","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2010.04890.x","article-title":"Structure, function and regulation of the DNA-binding protein Dps and its role in acid and oxidative stress resistance in Escherichia coli: A review","volume":"110","author":"Calhoun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/012294-0","article-title":"Modulation of DNA-binding activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis HspR by chaperones","volume":"154","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.22.120188.003215","article-title":"The heat-shock proteins","volume":"22","author":"Lindquist","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Genetics"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4688","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00415-12","article-title":"DnaK dependence of the mycobacterial stress-responsive regulator HspR is mediated through its hydrophobic C-terminal tail","volume":"194","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiosc.2009.12.012","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of clpB in Acetobacter pasteurianus NBRC 3283","volume":"110","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.4.1165-1174.2004","article-title":"clpB, a novel member of the Listeria monocytogenes CtsR regulon, is involved in virulence but not in general stress tolerance","volume":"186","author":"Chastanet","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04710.x","article-title":"The transcriptional activator ClgR controls transcription of genes involved in proteolysis and DNA repair in Corynebacterium glutamicum","volume":"57","author":"Engels","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2014.08.017","article-title":"Rational design of inhibitors of the bacterial cell wall synthetic enzyme GlmU using virtual screening and lead-hopping","volume":"22","author":"Doig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.05.003","article-title":"Expression, essentiality, and a microtiter plate assay for mycobacterial GlmU, the bifunctional glucosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase and n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochemistry Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01269-13","article-title":"Bacterial cell wall synthesis gene uppP is required for Burkholderia colonization of the Stinkbug Gut","volume":"79","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00507-16","article-title":"Depletion of undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatases disrupts cell envelope biogenesis in Bacillus subtilis","volume":"198","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.3050-3053.2002","article-title":"Functional characterization of Brucella melitensis NorMI, an efflux pump belonging to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family","volume":"46","author":"Braibant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.7.1778","article-title":"NorM, a putative multidrug efflux protein, of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its homolog in Escherichia coli","volume":"42","author":"Morita","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07887.x","article-title":"Sortase enzymes in Gram-positive bacteria","volume":"82","author":"Spirig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.06.009","article-title":"The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae sortase A in colonisation and pathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Paterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5031245","article-title":"Bacterial sigma factors and anti-sigma factors: Structure, function and distribution","volume":"5","author":"Paget","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2016-0576","article-title":"The essential activities of the bacterial sigma factor","volume":"63","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adcock, I.M., and Caramori, G. (2009). Transcription factors. Asthma COPD, 373\u2013380.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374001-4.00031-6"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092412-155737","article-title":"Bacterial sigma factors: A historical, structural, and genomic perspective","volume":"68","author":"Sharon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.69.4.527-543.2005","article-title":"Alternative sigma factors and their roles in bacterial virulence","volume":"69","author":"Kazmierczak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riordan, J.T., and Mitra, A. (2017). Regulation of Escherichia coli pathogenesis by alternative sigma factor N. EcoSal Plus, 7.","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.esp-0016-2016"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2011.01.017","article-title":"Sigma factors and promoters in Corynebacterium glutamicum","volume":"154","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taniguchi, H., Busche, T., Patschkowski, T., Niehaus, K., P\u00e1tek, M., Kalinowski, J., and Wendisch, V.F. (2017). Physiological roles of sigma factor SigD in Corynebacterium glutamicum. BMC Microbiol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-1067-6"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz, J.C., D\u2019Afonseca, V., Silva, A., Ali, A., Pinto, A.C., Santos, A.R., Rocha, A.A.M.C., Lopes, D.O., Dorella, F.A., and Pacheco, L.G.C. (2011). Evidence for reductive genome evolution and lateral acquisition of virulence functions in two Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018551"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.57.070188.004203","article-title":"Structure and function of bacterial sigma factors","volume":"57","author":"Helmann","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2003.03922.x","article-title":"The principal sigma factor sigA mediates enhanced growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"228","article-title":"The stress-responsive alternative sigma factor SigB of Bacillus subtilis and its relatives: An old friend with new functions","volume":"11","author":"Bartolini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00126","article-title":"A role for Sigma Factor \u03c3E in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis resistance to nitric oxide\/peroxide stress","volume":"3","author":"Pacheco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/2\/415\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:25:01Z","timestamp":1760160301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/2\/415"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms9020415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9020415","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]}}}