{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:57:58Z","timestamp":1785365878018,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFD0501200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0501200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China","award":["2015CB150300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB150300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The first case of human babesiosis was reported in the literature in 1957. The clinical disease has sporadically occurred as rare case reports in North America and Europe in the subsequent decades. Since the new millennium, especially in the last decade, many more cases have apparently appeared not only in these regions but also in Asia, South America, and Africa. More than 20,000 cases of human babesiosis have been reported in North America alone. In several cross-sectional surveys, exposure to Babesia spp. has been demonstrated within urban and rural human populations with clinical babesiosis reported in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans. This review serves to highlight the widespread distribution of these tick-borne pathogens in humans, their tick vectors in readily accessible environments such as parks and recreational areas, and their phylogenetic relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T21:15:01Z","timestamp":1613942101000},"page":"440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Emerging Human Babesiosis with \u201cGround Zero\u201d in North America"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jevan","family":"Christie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Animal Hospital, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-7129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liza","family":"K\u00f6ster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aifang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2578-6604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoqun","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre 00334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Piroplasmosis in man; report of a case","volume":"9","author":"Skrabalo","year":"1957","journal-title":"Doc. 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