{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T05:27:08Z","timestamp":1792301228680,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012399","name":"Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Contract No. HHSO100201700011I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract No. HHSO100201700011I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C06 RR012087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06 RR012087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016958","name":"Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P51 OD011133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P51 OD011133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ebola virus (EBOV) is a negative-sense RNA virus that can infect humans and nonhuman primates with severe health consequences. Development of countermeasures requires a thorough understanding of the interaction between host and pathogen, and the course of disease. The goal of this study was to further characterize EBOV disease in a uniformly lethal rhesus macaque model, in order to support development of a well-characterized model following rigorous quality standards. Rhesus macaques were intramuscularly exposed to EBOV and one group was euthanized at predetermined time points to characterize progression of disease. A second group was not scheduled for euthanasia in order to analyze survival, changes in physiology, clinical pathology, terminal pathology, and telemetry kinetics. On day 3, sporadic viremia was observed and pathological evidence was noted in lymph nodes. By day 5, viremia was detected in all EBOV exposed animals and pathological evidence was noted in the liver, spleen, and gastrointestinal tissues. These data support the notion that EBOV infection in rhesus macaques is a rapid systemic disease similar to infection in humans, under a compressed time scale. Biomarkers that correlated with disease progression at the earliest stages of infection were observed thereby identifying potential \u201ctrigger-to-treat\u201d for use in therapeutic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T04:36:24Z","timestamp":1614314184000},"page":"489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Development of a Well-Characterized Rhesus Macaque Model of Ebola Virus Disease for Support of Product Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6031-5360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kendra J.","family":"Alfson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yenny","family":"Goez-Gazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Gazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Staples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Mattix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nonclinical Pathology Services, LLC, 3000 Stonebrooke Ln, Medina, OH 44256, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anysha","family":"Ticer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Klaffke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaylee","family":"Stanfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Escareno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3915-3659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Keiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5435-8364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Liang","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), 1425 Plain City Georgesville Road, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Niemuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), 1425 Plain City Georgesville Road, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabe T.","family":"Meister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), 1425 Plain City Georgesville Road, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7636-0542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris M.","family":"Cirimotich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Battelle Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), 1425 Plain City Georgesville Road, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Ricardo","family":"Carrion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. 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