{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T07:14:50Z","timestamp":1790493290394,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A2C1007479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A2C1007479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viral infection-induced activation of inflammasome complexes has both positive and negative effects on the host. Proper activation of inflammasome complexes induces down-stream effector mechanisms that inhibit viral replication and promote viral clearance, whereas dysregulated activation has detrimental effects on the host. Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, encode viroporins that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the severity of coronavirus disease is associated with the inflammasome activation. Although the NLRP3 inflammasome activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of coronaviruses, these viruses must evade inflammasome-mediated antiviral immune responses to establish primary replication. Screening of a complementary DNA (cDNA) library encoding 28 SARS-CoV-2 open reading frames (ORFs) showed that two nonstructural proteins (NSPs), NSP1 and NSP13, inhibited caspase-1-mediated IL-1\u03b2 activation. NSP1 amino acid residues involved in host translation shutoff and NSP13 domains responsible for helicase activity were associated with caspase-1 inhibition. In THP-1 cells, both NSP1 and NSP13 significantly reduced NLRP3-inflammasome-induced caspase-1 activity and IL-1\u03b2 secretion. These findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 NSP1 and NSP13 are potent antagonists of the NLRP3 inflammasome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T09:47:20Z","timestamp":1614332840000},"page":"494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Nonstructural Proteins 1 and 13 Suppress Caspase-1 and the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Na-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae-Kyum","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada"},{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7900-5012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon-Jae","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0332-0","article-title":"Outbreak of a novel coronavirus","volume":"18","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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