{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:51:54Z","timestamp":1792684314845,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maternal carriage and vertical transmission of extended-spectrum, beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), such as Escherichia coli, hamper the treatment of infections, resulting in high morbidity. E. coli is the most frequent cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) in preterm infants, where ESBL-E are more frequently isolated. In this prospective, case-controlled study, maternal rectovaginal ESBL-E colonization and vertical transmission to preterm infants were assessed in 160 women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM; 57.4%) or preterm labor (42.6%); additional cultures were obtained from the placenta, amnion, and umbilical cord during preterm labor. Maternal and neonatal ESBL-E-carriage rates were 17.5% and 12.9%, respectively, and the vertical-transmission rate was 50%. Maternal ESBL-E colonization among women with PPROM was 21.3%, and in women with premature labor it was 12.6%. No correlation was observed between maternal ESBL-E-colonization and previous hospitalization or antibiotic administration during pregnancy. However, a correlation was found between placental inflammation and maternal ESBL-E colonization (p = 0.007). ESBL-E-colonized infants were delivered at an earlier gestational age and were more likely to have complications. Thus, the high ESBL-E carriage rate in women with threatened preterm labor, without obvious risk factors for carriage, and a high vertical transmission rate, combined with a correlation between placental inflammation and ESBL-E carriage, support maternal\u2013neonatal ESBL-E-colonization surveillance and active measures to prevent ESBL-E-related EOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T20:55:44Z","timestamp":1614459344000},"page":"506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Vertical Transmission of Extended-Spectrum, Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae during Preterm Delivery: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2060-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maya","family":"Frank Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22100, Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0131-3936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raneen","family":"Abu Shqara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22100, Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4975-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Naskovica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22100, Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4896-1228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna Amdur","family":"Zilberfarb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22100, Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5270-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inshirah","family":"Sgayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22100, Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8006-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Glikman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7438-5252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hagai","family":"Rechnitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vered","family":"Fleisher Sheffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel"},{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1932-5270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Bornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 22100, Israel"},{"name":"Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: A systematic review and modelling analysis","volume":"7","author":"Chawanpaiboon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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