{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:46:06Z","timestamp":1787928366123,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chao Foundation","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Meningitis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in the first three months of life. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients &lt;90 days of age with meningitis at Texas Children\u2019s Hospital from 2010\u20132017. Cases were confirmed using the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definition of meningitis. Results: Among 694 infants with meningitis, the most common etiology was viral (n = 351; 51%), primarily caused by enterovirus (n = 332; 95%). A quarter of cases were caused by bacterial infections (n = 190; 27%). The most common cause of bacterial meningitis was group B Streptococcus (GBS, n = 60; 32%), followed by Gram-negative rods other than E. coli (n = 40; 21%), and E. coli (n = 37; 19%). The majority of Gram-negative organisms (63%) were resistant to ampicillin, and nearly one-fourth of Gram-negative rods (23%) other than E. coli and 2 (6%) E. coli isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. Significant risk factors for bacterial meningitis were early preterm birth and the Black race. Conclusions: Enteroviruses most commonly caused viral meningitis in infants; GBS was the most common bacterial cause despite universal screening and intrapartum prophylaxis. The emergence of MRSA and resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Gram-negative bacterial meningitis challenges the options for empirical antimicrobial therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T21:58:07Z","timestamp":1614895087000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Epidemiology of Meningitis in Infants under 90 Days of Age in a Large Pediatric Hospital"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flor M.","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9900-1542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Troisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-5372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa S.","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Hasbun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric L.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy O.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002081","article-title":"Epidemiology of Meningitis and Encephalitis in Infants and Children in the United States, 2011\u20132014","volume":"38","author":"Hasbun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Cherry, J.D., Demmler-Harrison, G., Kaplan, S.L., Steinbach, W.J., and Hotez, P.J. (2014). Feigin and Cherry\u2019s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Saunders\/Elsevier. 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