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Whole genome sequence-single nucleotide polymorphisms (WGS-SNP) analysis has been used in recent studies and allows the discrimination of various Brucella species and strains. In the present study, 13 Brucella spp. strains from cattle of various locations in provinces of South Africa were typed and discriminated. WGS-SNP analysis indicated a maximum pairwise distance ranging from 4 to 77 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the South African Brucella abortus virulent field strains. Moreover, it was shown that the South African B. abortus strains grouped closely to B. abortus strains from Mozambique and Zimbabwe, as well as other Eurasian countries, such as Portugal and India. WGS-SNP analysis of South African B. abortus strains demonstrated that the same genotype circulated in one farm (Farm 1), whereas another farm (Farm 2) in the same province had two different genotypes. This indicated that brucellosis in South Africa spreads within the herd on some farms, whereas the introduction of infected animals is the mode of transmission on other farms. Three B. abortus vaccine S19 strains isolated from tissue and aborted material were identical, even though they originated from different herds and regions of South Africa. This might be due to the incorrect vaccination of animals older than the recommended age of 4\u20138 months or might be a problem associated with vaccine production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T04:46:53Z","timestamp":1615438013000},"page":"570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Brucella abortus Isolates from Various Regions of South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8762-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maphuti Betty","family":"Ledwaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara Akorfa","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1495-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itumeleng","family":"Matle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Profiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bologna Biocomputing Group, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0274-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bologna Biocomputing Group, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7462-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Casadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bologna Biocomputing Group, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katiuscia","family":"Zilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Abruzzo and Molise Giuseppe Caporale, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7263-3814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Janowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Abruzzo and Molise Giuseppe Caporale, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2044-7024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Marotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Abruzzo and Molise Giuseppe Caporale, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Garofolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Abruzzo and Molise Giuseppe Caporale, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3577-1273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henriette","family":"van Heerden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018, August 01). 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