{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T21:33:56Z","timestamp":1775165636897,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]],"date-time":"2021-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis of global distribution, and Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. Hares and rabbits are important small game species, and their meat is consumed by humans in many countries. Demand for rabbit meat for human consumption is increasing; therefore, toxoplasmosis in rabbits and hares is of epidemiological significance. Viable T. gondii has been isolated from rabbits. The present review summarizes worldwide information on the seroprevalence, parasitological investigations, clinical cases, isolation, and genetic diversity of T. gondii in wild rabbits, free domestic rabbits, hares, and other rabbits from 2010 to 2020. Differences in prevalence, susceptibility, genetic variants, and clinical implications of T. gondii infection in rabbits and hares are discussed. This review will be of interest to biologists, parasitologists, veterinarians, and public health workers. Additional studies are needed to increase our knowledge of genetic variants and the population structure of T. gondii in rabbits and hares and to understand the differences in susceptibility to T. gondii in hares in different areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]],"date-time":"2021-03-14T23:52:06Z","timestamp":1615765926000},"page":"597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Epidemiological and Public Health Significance of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Wild Rabbits and Hares: 2010\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0558-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Almeria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando H. A.","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila K.","family":"Cerqueira-C\u00e9zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver C. H.","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Shipley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jitender P.","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dubey, J.P. (2010). Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans, CRC Press. 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