{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:01:24Z","timestamp":1790420484150,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MU 3565\/3-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MU 3565\/3-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"DZIF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TTU 01.702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTU 01.702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To prevent the emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases and reduce their epidemic potential, we need to understand their origins in nature. Bats in the order Chiroptera are widely distributed worldwide and are natural reservoirs of prominent zoonotic viruses, including Nipah virus, Marburg virus, and possibly SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we applied unbiased metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to decipher the virosphere of frugivorous and insectivorous bat species captured in Gu\u00e9ck\u00e9dou, Guinea, the epicenter of the West African Ebola virus disease epidemic in 2013\u20132016. Our study provides a snapshot of the viral diversity present in these bat species, with several novel viruses reported for the first time in bats, as well as some bat viruses closely related to known human or animal pathogens. In addition, analysis of Mops condylurus genomic DNA samples revealed the presence of an Ebola virus nucleoprotein (NP)-derived pseudogene inserted in its genome. These findings provide insight into the evolutionary traits of several virus families in bats and add evidence that nonretroviral integrated RNA viruses (NIRVs) derived from filoviruses may be common in bat genomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T11:38:58Z","timestamp":1615808338000},"page":"599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Metagenomic Snapshots of Viral Components in Guinean Bats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Roberto J.","family":"Hermida Lorenzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Morcegos de Galicia, Magdalena G-2, 2o izq, 15320 As Pontes de Garc\u00eda Rodr\u00edguez (A Coru\u00f1a), Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8063-2766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e1niel","family":"Cadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fara Raymond","family":"Koundouno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Fi\u00e8vres H\u00e9morragiques en Guin\u00e9e, Universit\u00e9 Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Commune de Matoto, Conakry, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1383-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Juste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Biol\u00f3gica de Do\u00f1ana, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Bialonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mudarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estaci\u00f3n Biol\u00f3gica de Do\u00f1ana, CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Hakamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Bencsik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily V.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miles W.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire SP4 0JG, UK"},{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u2019Faly","family":"Magassouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Fi\u00e8vres H\u00e9morragiques en Guin\u00e9e, Universit\u00e9 Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Commune de Matoto, Conakry, Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4433-0231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Schmidt-Chanasit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7725-2586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Fontela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, 38124 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