{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:06:33Z","timestamp":1790708793335,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chlamydia (C.) psittaci is the causative agent of avian chlamydiosis and human psittacosis. In this study, we extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the whole genome sequences of 55 C. psittaci strains and identified eight major lineages, most of which are host-related. A combined PCR\/high-resolution melting (HRM) assay was developed to screen for eight phylogenetically informative SNPs related to the identified C. psittaci lineages. The PCR-HRM method was validated on 11 available reference strains and with a set of 118 field isolates. Overall, PCR-HRM clustering was consistent with previous genotyping data obtained by ompA and\/or MLST analysis. The method was then applied to 28 C. psittaci-positive samples from animal or human cases. As expected, PCR-HRM typing results from human samples identified genotypes linked to ducks and pigeons, a common source of human exposure, but also to the poorly described Mat116-like genotype. The new genotyping method does not require time-consuming sequencing and allows a quick identification of the source of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T21:43:31Z","timestamp":1616017411000},"page":"625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A New SNP-Based Genotyping Method for C. psittaci: Application to Field Samples for Quick Identification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7678-5551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Vorimore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, ANSES Maisons-Alfort, Paris-Est University, 94706 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Aaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, ANSES Maisons-Alfort, Paris-Est University, 94706 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertille","family":"de Barbeyrac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections in Humans, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Peuchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections in Humans, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Szyma\u0144ska-Czerwi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24100 Pulawy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8729-2306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Section of Clinical Bacteriology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Schnee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7605-8602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karine","family":"Laroucau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Animal Health, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, ANSES Maisons-Alfort, Paris-Est University, 94706 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450310001593613","article-title":"Avian host range of Chlamydophila spp. based on isolation, antigen detection and serology","volume":"32","author":"Kaleta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1647\/217-265","article-title":"Compendium of Measures to Control Chlamydia psittaci Infection Among Humans (Psittacosis) and Pet Birds (Avian Chlamydiosis)","volume":"31","author":"Balsamo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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