{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:56:00Z","timestamp":1787698560483,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003243","name":"Ministerstvo Zdravotnictv\u00ed Cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-31593A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-31593A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MUNI\/A\/1099\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUNI\/A\/1099\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CESNET","award":["LM2015042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2015042"]}]},{"name":"CERIT-Scientific Cloud","award":["LM201508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM201508"]}]},{"name":"Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment Research Infrastructure","award":["LM2015051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2015051"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation","award":["201706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201706"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Actinotignum schaalii is an emerging, opportunistic pathogen and its connection to non-infectious diseases and conditions, such as prostate or bladder cancer, or chronic inflammation has been proposed. Here, we analyzed 297 urine, ureteral and urinary catheter samples from 128 patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Sequencing (PCR-DGGE-S), and culture, and 29 of these samples also by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing, to establish A. schaalii\u2019s prevalence in urinary tract-related samples, its relation to other bacteria, and its potential association with patients\u2019 conditions and samples\u2019 characteristics. A. schaalii-positive samples were significantly more diverse than A. schaalii negative and between-group diversity was higher than intra-group. Propionimicrobium lymphophilum, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella sp., Morganella sp., and Aerococcus sp. were significantly more often present in A. schaalii-positive samples; thus, we suggest these species are A. schaalii\u2019s concomitants, while Enterobacter and Staphylococcaceae were more often identified in A. schaalii-negative samples; therefore, we propose A. schaalii and these species are mutually exclusive. Additionally, a significantly higher A. schaalii prevalence in patients with ureter stricture associated hydronephrosis (p = 0.020) was noted. We suggest that A. schaalii could be an early polybacterial biofilm colonizer, together with concomitant species, known for pro-inflammatory features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T23:59:41Z","timestamp":1616543981000},"page":"669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Actinotignum schaalii: Relation to Concomitants and Connection to Patients\u2019 Conditions in Polymicrobial Biofilms of Urinary Tract Catheters and Urines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Iva","family":"Kot\u00e1skov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edt","family":"Syrov\u00e1tka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Obru\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"V\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3481-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbora","family":"Zwinsov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Hol\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital, Masaryk University, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Bla\u0161t\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital, Masaryk University, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6532-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Freiberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.10.030","article-title":"Infections related to Actinotignum schaalii (formerly Actinobaculum schaalii): A 3-year prospective observational study on 50 cases","volume":"22","author":"Lotte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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