{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:43:18Z","timestamp":1791852198643,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2), commonly known as Marek\u2019s disease virus type 1 (MDV-1), is an oncogenic avian alphaherpesvirus, and along with its close relatives\u2014Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 (GaHV-3) or MDV-2 and Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1 (MeHV-1) or turkey herpesvirus (HVT)\u2014belongs to the Mardivirus genus. We and others previously showed that MDV-1 US3 protein kinase plays an important role in viral replication and pathogenesis, which could be partially compensated by MDV-2 and HVT US3. In this study, we further studied the differential roles of MDV-1, MDV-2 and HVT US3 in regulating viral gene expression and replication. Our results showed that MDV-2 and HVT US3 could differentially compensate MDV-1 US3 regulation of viral gene expression in vitro. MDV-2 and HVT US3 could also partially rescue the replication deficiency of MDV-1 US3 null virus in the spleen and thymus, as determined by immunohistochemistry analysis of MDV-1 pp38 protein. Importantly, using immunohistochemistry and dual immunofluorescence assays, we found that MDV-2 US3, but not HVT US3, fully compensated MDV-1 US3 regulation of MDV-1 replication in bursal B lymphocytes. In conclusion, our study provides the first comparative analysis of US3 from MDV-1, MDV-2 and HVT in regulating viral gene expression in cell culture and MDV-1 replication in lymphocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T10:05:21Z","timestamp":1617962721000},"page":"785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["US3 Serine\/Threonine Protein Kinase from MDV-1, MDV-2, and HVT Differentially Regulate Viral Gene Expression and Replication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0081-9548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifei","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"AI-Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0633-3143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca","family":"Lupiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay M.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boodhoo, N., Gurung, A., Sharif, S., and Behboudi, S. 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