{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:08:56Z","timestamp":1791083336279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canada First \u2013 Ocean Frontier Institute","award":["OFI-Seed Funds and Module J"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFI-Seed Funds and Module J"]}]},{"name":"Vietnam International Education Development","award":["(VIED) fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(VIED) fellowship"]}]},{"name":"Atlantic Fisheries Funds","award":["AFF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AFF"]}]},{"name":"Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agenecy","award":["ACOA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACOA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008762","name":"Genome Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","award":["Discovery grant (RGPIN-2018-05942)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Discovery grant (RGPIN-2018-05942)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) is a cleaner fish being considered for utilized in the North Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture industry to biocontrol sea lice infestations. However, bacterial diseases due to natural infections in wild cunners have yet to be described. This study reports the isolation of Pseudomonas sp. J380 from infected wild cunners and its phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptomic characterization. This Gram-negative motile rod-shaped bacterium showed a mesophilic (4\u201328 \u00b0C) and halotolerant growth. Under iron-limited conditions, Pseudomonas sp. J380 produced pyoverdine-type fluorescent siderophore. Koch\u2019s postulates were verified in wild cunners by intraperitoneally (i.p.) injecting Pseudomonas sp. J380 at 4 \u00d7 103, 4 \u00d7 105, and 4 \u00d7 107 colony forming units (CFU)\/dose. Host-range and comparative virulence were also investigated in lumpfish and Atlantic salmon i.p. injected with ~106 CFU\/dose. Lumpfish were more susceptible compared to cunners, and Atlantic salmon was resistant to Pseudomonas sp. J380 infection. Cunner tissues were heavily colonized by Pseudomonas sp. J380 compared to lumpfish and Atlantic salmon suggesting that it might be an opportunistic pathogen in cunners. The genome of Pseudomonas sp. J380 was 6.26 megabases (Mb) with a guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 59.7%. Biochemical profiles, as well as comparative and phylogenomic analyses, suggested that Pseudomonas sp. J380 belongs to the P. fluorescens species complex. Transcriptome profiling under iron-limited vs. iron-enriched conditions identified 1159 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Cellular metabolic processes, such as ribosomal and energy production, and protein synthesis, were impeded by iron limitation. In contrast, genes involved in environmental adaptation mechanisms including two-component systems, histidine catabolism, and redox balance were transcriptionally up-regulated. Furthermore, iron limitation triggered the differential expression of genes encoding proteins associated with iron homeostasis. As the first report on a bacterial infection in cunners, the current study provides an overview of a new marine pathogen, Pseudomonas sp. J380.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T21:47:33Z","timestamp":1618264053000},"page":"812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Novel Marine Pathogen Isolated from Wild Cunners (Tautogolabrus adspersus): Comparative Genomics and Transcriptome Profiling of Pseudomonas sp. Strain J380"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8851-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navaneethaiyer","family":"Umasuthan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7779-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherinne","family":"Valderrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1390-2809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristopher","family":"Segovia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trung","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajarooba","family":"Gnanagobal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Monk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Logy Bay, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Boyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Joe Brown Aquatic Research Building (JBARB), Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Logy Bay, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7701-3147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Santander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2006.08.006","article-title":"Ecology of sea lice parasitic on farmed and wild fish","volume":"22","author":"Costello","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2013.08.019","article-title":"Fish immune responses to parasitic copepod (namely sea lice) infection","volume":"43","author":"Fast","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2008.01011.x","article-title":"The global economic cost of sea lice to the salmonid farming industry","volume":"32","author":"Costello","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Fish. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.12.006","article-title":"Drug resistance in sea lice: A threat to salmonid aquaculture","volume":"31","author":"Aaen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12299","article-title":"Salmon lice treatments and salmon mortality in Norwegian aquaculture: A review","volume":"11","author":"Overton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2008.01013.x","article-title":"Considerations in developing an integrated pest management programme for control of sea lice on farmed salmon in Pacific Canada","volume":"32","author":"Brooks","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Fish. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.509","article-title":"A review of potential pathogens of sea lice and the application of cleaner fish in biological control","volume":"58","author":"Treasurer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pest. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12470","article-title":"Cleaner fish in aquaculture: Review on diseases and vaccination","volume":"13","author":"Erkinharju","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/17451000.2013.810760","article-title":"Wrasse (Labridae) as cleaner fish in salmonid aquaculture\u2014The Hardangerfjord as a case study","volume":"10","author":"Skiftesvik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12194","article-title":"Use of lumpfish for sea-lice control in salmon farming: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Powell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1996.tb00004.x","article-title":"Exposure of goldsinny, rock cook and corkwing wrasse to low temperature and low salinity: Survival, blood physiology and seasonal variation","volume":"49","author":"Sayer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Fish. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-016-0008-y","article-title":"Investigation of behavioural interactions between lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) and goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris) under controlled conditions","volume":"24","author":"Imsland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Scott, W.B., and Scott, M.G. (1988). Atlantic Fishes of Canada, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1139\/f95-524","article-title":"The poor potential of cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, to act as cleaner fish in removing sea lice (Caligus elongatus) from farmed salmon in eastern Canada","volume":"52","author":"MacKinnon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Costa, I., Hamoutene, D., Murray, H., Lush, L., Burt, K., Eaves, A., and Ang, K.P. (2016). Documentation of Cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) Cleaning Behaviour in Tanks with Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Smolts Infested with Sea Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), Fisheries and Oceans Canada = P\u00eaches et oc\u00e9ans Canada."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Towers, L. (2020, December 07). Canada invests C$358,000 in cleaner fish research. Available online: https:\/\/thefishsite.com\/articles\/canada-invests-c358000-in-cleaner-fish-research."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Treasurer, J.W. (2018). Cunner and lumpfish as cleaner fish species in Canada. Cleaner Fish Biology and Aquaculture Applications, 5M Publications."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"157","article-title":"Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from the diseased rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.","volume":"62","author":"Sakai","year":"1989","journal-title":"Kitasato Arch. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2006.09.009","article-title":"Pseudomonas putida infection in rainbow trout","volume":"261","author":"Altinok","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-1-83","article-title":"Pseudomonas plecoglossicida sp. nov., the causative agent of bacterial haemorrhagic ascites of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis","volume":"50","author":"Nishimori","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"116","article-title":"Characterization of Pseudomonas species isolated from tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in Qaroun and Wadi-El-Rayan lakes, Egypt","volume":"5","author":"Eissa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Glob. Vet."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheldon, J.R., Laakso, H.A., and Heinrichs, D.E. (2016). Iron acquisition strategies of bacterial pathogens. Virulence Mech. Bact. Pathog., 43\u201385.","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819286.ch3"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuv009","article-title":"Recent developments in understanding the iron acquisition strategies of Gram positive pathogens","volume":"39","author":"Sheldon","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Stackebrandt, E., and Goodfellow, M. (1991). 16S\/23S rRNA sequencing. Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematic, John Wiley and Sons."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1128\/jmbe.v12i1.249","article-title":"Use of blue agar CAS assay for siderophore detection","volume":"12","author":"Louden","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biol. Educ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.57.9.2750-2757.1991","article-title":"Characterization of Vibrio anguillarum and closely related species isolated from farmed fish in Norway","volume":"57","author":"Myhr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"128","article-title":"Assessment of antibiotic sensitivity and pathogenicity of Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp. from aquaculture enviroment","volume":"3","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Moj Ecol. Enviromental Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90612-9","article-title":"Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores","volume":"160","author":"Schwyn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00013-12","article-title":"Fur-regulated iron uptake system of Edwardsiella ictaluri and its influence on pathogenesis and immunogenicity in the catfish host","volume":"80","author":"Santander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasquez, I., Cao, T., Chakraborty, S., Gnanagobal, H., O\u2019Brien, N., Monk, J., Boyce, D., Westcott, J.D., and Santander, J. (2020). Comparative Genomics Analysis of Vibrio anguillarum Isolated from Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) in Newfoundland Reveal Novel Chromosomal Organizations. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111666"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03011","article-title":"Effects of Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol) on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) primary macrophage immune response to Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection","volume":"10","author":"Valderrama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13010","article-title":"Vibrogen-2 vaccine trial in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) against Vibrio anguillarum","volume":"42","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Fish. Dis"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12658","article-title":"Phenotype of Aeromonas salmonicida sp. salmonicida cyclic adenosine 3\u2032, 5\u2032-monophosphate receptor protein (Crp) mutants and its virulence in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"40","author":"Valderrama","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Fish. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.06.005","article-title":"Aeromonas salmonicida infection kinetics and protective immune response to vaccination in sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)","volume":"104","author":"Vasquez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fish. Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aziz, R.K., Bartels, D., Best, A.A., DeJongh, M., Disz, T., Edwards, R.A., Formsma, K., Gerdes, S., Glass, E.M., and Kubal, M. (2008). The RAST Server: Rapid annotations using subsystems technology. BMC Genom., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Andrews, S. (2021, March 28). FastQC: A Quality Control Tool for High Throughput Sequence Data. Available online: https:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx081","article-title":"Visualizing and comparing circular genomes using the CGView family of tools","volume":"20","author":"Stothard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2010.00329.x","article-title":"SequenceMatrix: Concatenation software for the fast assembly of multi-gene datasets with character set and codon information","volume":"27","author":"Vaidya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.05.011","article-title":"Identification and validation of reliable Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida reference genes for differential gene expression analyses","volume":"73","author":"Connors","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp692","article-title":"RNA-Seq gene expression estimation with read mapping uncertainty","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1060-7","article-title":"A benchmark for RNA-seq quantification pipelines","volume":"17","author":"Teng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, M.B., Wallroth, M., Jonsson, V., and Kristiansson, E. (2018). Comparison of normalization methods for the analysis of metagenomic gene abundance data. BMC Genom., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4637-6"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","article-title":"edgeR: A Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz931","article-title":"ShinyGO: A graphical gene-set enrichment tool for animals and plants","volume":"36","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.147","article-title":"ggplot2","volume":"3","author":"Wickham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Stat."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp101","article-title":"ClueGO: A Cytoscape plug-in to decipher functionally grouped gene ontology and pathway annotation networks","volume":"25","author":"Bindea","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D687","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1080","article-title":"VFDB 2019: A comparative pathogenomic platform with an interactive web interface","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4187","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti635","article-title":"Virtual Footprint and PRODORIC: An integrative framework for regulon prediction in prokaryotes","volume":"21","author":"Hiller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Ltd, K.C.S. (2021, February 01). Utilization of the cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus), a wrasse, as a means of sea lice removal in commercial salmon farms. Available online: https:\/\/dfo-mpo.gc.ca\/aquaculture\/sustainable-durable\/rapports-reports\/2011-12\/M03-eng.htm."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00021738","article-title":"Infection of the Cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum), with Metacercariae of Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin, 1825)","volume":"44","author":"Sekhar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2012.12.006","article-title":"Strategies developed by the marine bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens BA3SM1 to resist metals: A proteome analysis","volume":"128\u2013129","author":"Poirier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00695973","article-title":"Metabolic diversity of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from a petroleum-contaminated aquifer","volume":"4","author":"Mikesell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biodegradation"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s003740050467","article-title":"Solubilization of zinc phosphate by a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from a forest soil","volume":"28","author":"Sayer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2010.04.005","article-title":"Resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens","volume":"300","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1996.0770","article-title":"A single amino acid substitution in Staphylococcus aureus dihydrofolate reductase determines trimethoprim resistance","volume":"266","author":"Dale","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1086\/515371","article-title":"A conservative amino acid mutation in the chromosome-encoded dihydrofolate reductase confers trimethoprim resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"178","author":"Pikis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.4.557","article-title":"beta-Lactamases in laboratory and clinical resistance","volume":"8","author":"Livermore","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05398-11","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to chloramphenicol in Pseudomonas putida KT2440","volume":"56","author":"Conde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26723","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.45.26723","article-title":"Siderophores: Structure and function of microbial iron transport compounds","volume":"270","author":"Neilands","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1039\/C4MT00333K","article-title":"Diverging roles of bacterial siderophores during infection","volume":"7","author":"Holden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00044-14","article-title":"Microbiology, genomics, and clinical significance of the Pseudomonas fluorescens species complex, an unappreciated colonizer of humans","volume":"27","author":"Scales","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-010-2550-2","article-title":"Iron uptake and metabolism in pseudomonads","volume":"86","author":"Cornelis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00055-X","article-title":"Bacterial iron homeostasis","volume":"27","author":"Andrews","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.06.021","article-title":"When too much ATP is bad for protein synthesis","volume":"427","author":"Pontes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.69.1.101-123.2005","article-title":"Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Bacteria","volume":"69","author":"Laursen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-6018-1","article-title":"Transcriptome profile of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in response to iron limitation","volume":"20","author":"Ibraim","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-016-0384-3","article-title":"Shotgun proteomic analysis of Yersinia ruckeri strains under normal and iron-limited conditions","volume":"47","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, C.K., Hassan, K.A., Tetu, S.G., Loper, J.E., and Paulsen, I.T. (2012). The effect of iron limitation on the transcriptome and proteome of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039139"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(99)00088-2","article-title":"Iron-dependent changes in cellular energy metabolism: Influence on citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation","volume":"1413","author":"Oexle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-102215-095331","article-title":"Feedback control of two-component regulatory systems","volume":"70","author":"Groisman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01654.x","article-title":"Expression of the ferric enterobactin receptor (PfeA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Involvement of a two-component regulatory system","volume":"8","author":"Dean","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03084.x","article-title":"GeneChip\u00ae expression analysis of the iron starvation response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Identification of novel pyoverdine biosynthesis genes","volume":"45","author":"Ochsner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05122-0","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate is refractory to Th1 immune response and impedes host immune clearance in a mouse model of acute lung infection","volume":"52","author":"Song","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franklin, M., Nivens, D., Weadge, J., and Howell, P. (2011). Biosynthesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Extracellular Polysaccharides, Alginate, Pel, and Psl. Front. Microbiol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00167"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00014-12","article-title":"Regulation of the histidine utilization (Hut) system in bacteria","volume":"76","author":"Bender","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-128-9-2041","article-title":"Regulation of Hut Enzymes and Extracellular Protease Activities in Vibrio alginolyticus hut Mutants","volume":"128","author":"Bowden","year":"1982","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01124-09","article-title":"Metabolic control of virulence genes in Brucella abortus: HutC coordinates virB expression and the histidine utilization pathway by direct binding to both promoters","volume":"192","author":"Sieira","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.107.081984","article-title":"Dual involvement of CbrAB and NtrBC in the regulation of histidine utilization in Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25","volume":"178","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3206","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00475-15","article-title":"The DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) utilizes dual functions to defend cells against multiple stresses","volume":"197","author":"Karas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37619","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206186200","article-title":"Iron incorporation into Escherichia coli Dps gives rise to a ferritin-like microcrystalline core","volume":"277","author":"Ilari","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoeger, U., and Harris, J.R. (2020). Recent insights into the diversity and evolution of invertebrate hemerythrins and extracellular globins. Vertebrate and Invertebrate Respiratory Proteins, Lipoproteins and other Body Fluid Proteins, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41769-7"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9023","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0607812","article-title":"Structural basis for O2 sensing by the hemerythrin-like domain of a bacterial chemotaxis protein:\u2009 Substrate tunnel and fluxional N terminus","volume":"45","author":"Isaza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez-Carre\u00f1o, C., Becerra, A., and Lazcano, A. (2016). Molecular evolution of the oxygen-binding hemerythrin domain. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157904"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2009.02134.x","article-title":"Inactivation of the GacA response regulator in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 has far-reaching transcriptomic consequences","volume":"12","author":"Hassan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.1.101-108.2001","article-title":"Rubrerythrin and rubredoxin oxidoreductase in Desulfovibrio vulgaris: A novel oxidative stress protection system","volume":"183","author":"Lumppio","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2001.2531","article-title":"A role for rubredoxin in oxidative stress protection in Desulfovibrio vulgaris: Catalytic electron transfer to rubrerythrin and two-iron superoxide reductase","volume":"394","author":"Coulter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6223","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.20.6223-6229.1999","article-title":"Opening the iron box: Transcriptional metalloregulation by the Fur protein","volume":"181","author":"Escolar","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-008-9193-0","article-title":"Iron uptake regulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"22","author":"Cornelis","year":"2009","journal-title":"BioMetals"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00184-3","article-title":"Iron and metal regulation in bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Hantke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03120.x","article-title":"Identification of new, conserved, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases from fluorescent pseudomonads involved in the biosynthesis of the siderophore pyoverdine","volume":"45","author":"Mossialos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00092.x","article-title":"Sigma factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"32","author":"Potvin","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00012-07","article-title":"Siderophore-based iron acquisition and pathogen control","volume":"71","author":"Miethke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5236","DOI":"10.1021\/bi2004119","article-title":"Two distinct ferritin-like molecules in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: The product of the bfrA gene is a bacterial ferritin (FtnA) and not a bacterioferritin (Bfr)","volume":"50","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyles, K.V., and Eichenbaum, Z. (2018). From host heme to iron: The expanding spectrum of heme degrading enzymes used by pathogenic bacteria. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00198"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bronstein, P.A., Filiatrault, M.J., Myers, C.R., Rutzke, M., Schneider, D.J., and Cartinhour, S.W. (2008). Global transcriptional responses of Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 to changes in iron bioavailability in vitro. BMC Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-209"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.6b00514","article-title":"Bacterioferritin: Structure, dynamics, and protein\u2013protein interactions at play in iron storage and mobilization","volume":"50","author":"Rivera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_99","unstructured":"Chahal, H.K., Boyd, J.M., and Outten, F.W. (2016). Fe\u2013S cluster biogenesis in archaea and bacteria. Met. Cells, 445."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a002963","article-title":"Genetic analysis of the isc operon in Escherichia coli involved in the biogenesis of cellular iron-sulfur proteins","volume":"130","author":"Tokumoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4011","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13245","article-title":"The role of chaperones in iron\u2013sulfur cluster biogenesis","volume":"592","author":"Puglisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/4\/812\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:35:51Z","timestamp":1760362551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/4\/812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms9040812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9040812","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]}}}