{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:51:45Z","timestamp":1790718705027,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","award":["FKZ 01KI1728F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ 01KI1728F"]}]},{"name":"Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","award":["01KI1728A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KI1728A"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony","award":["N-RENNT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N-RENNT"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a severe neurologic disease in Europe and Asia. Disease expression ranges from asymptomatic to severe neurological clinical pictures, involving meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis and potentially fatal outcome. Humans mostly become infected with TBE virus (TBEV) by the bite of an infected tick. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in humans are mainly attributed to the first viremic phase of TBEV infection with unspecific symptoms and\/or resulting from severe neurological impairment of the central nervous system (CNS). We used the subcutaneous TBEV-infection of C57BL\/6 mice as a model to analyze GI complications of TBE. We observed the acute distension and segmental dilation of the intestinal tract in 10 of 22 subcutaneously infected mice. Histological analysis revealed an intramural enteric ganglioneuritis in the myenteric and submucosal plexus of the small and large intestine. The numbers of infiltrating macrophages and CD3+ T lymphocytes correlated with the severity of ganglioneuritis, indicating an immune-mediated pathogenesis due to TBEV-infection of the enteric plexus. Our study demonstrates that the inflammation of enteric intramural ganglia presents to be a common feature in TBEV-infected mice. Accordingly, the results of this mouse model emphasize that GI disease manifestation and consequences for long-term sequelae should not be neglected for TBEV-infections in humans and require further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T06:35:53Z","timestamp":1618814153000},"page":"875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Enteric Ganglioneuritis, a Common Feature in a Subcutaneous TBEV Murine Infection Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mathias","family":"Boelke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2592-6868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Puff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0922-8189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny","family":"Hellhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Gusmag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Liebig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1902-8674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Stiasny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Dobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology of the Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstra\u00dfe 11, 80937 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Baumg\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie C.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00206-1","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis","volume":"57","author":"Gritsun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antivir. 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