{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:15:59Z","timestamp":1790486159851,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072845"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31572500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31572500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) transports maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) to the foetus or newborn and protects the IgG from degradation. FcRn is expressed in several porcine tissues and cell types and its expression levels are regulated by immune and inflammatory events. IPEC-J2 cells are porcine intestinal columnar epithelial cells that were isolated from neonatal piglet mid-jejunum. We hypothesized that transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21) upregulated pFcRn expression in IPEC-J2 cells. To test this hypothesis, we treated IPEC-J2 cells with TGF-\u03b21 and demonstrated that porcine FcRn (pFcRn) expression was significantly increased. SP600125, a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, reduced TGF-\u03b21-induced pFcRn expression in IPEC-J2 cells. We performed luciferase reporter assays and showed that the c-JUN sensitive region of the pFcRn promoter gene was located between positions \u22121215 and \u2212140. The c-JUN sequence, in combination with the pFcRn promoter, regulated luciferase reporter activity in response to TGF-\u03b21 stimulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that there were three c-JUN binding sites in the pFcRn promoter. Furthermore, in addition to increased pFcRn expression, TGF-\u03b21 also enhanced IgG transcytosis in IPEC-J2 cells. In summary, our data showed that the modulation of JNK\/MAPK signaling by TGF-\u03b21 was sufficient to upregulate pFcRn expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T05:35:25Z","timestamp":1618896925000},"page":"879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Activation of the JNK\/MAPK Signaling Pathway by TGF-\u03b21 Enhances Neonatal Fc Receptor Expression and IgG Transcytosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Shaoju","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangchao","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0171-9693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuncai","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9729-1339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.4.2572","article-title":"The mhc class ii-associated invariant chain interacts with the neonatal fc gamma receptor and modulates its trafficking to endosomal\/lysosomal compartments","volume":"181","author":"Ye","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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