{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:15:55Z","timestamp":1790709355872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Milk oligosaccharides (OS) shape microbiome structure and function, but their relative abundances differ between species. Herein, the impact of the human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) (2\u2032-fucosyllactose [2\u2032FL] and lacto-N-neotetraose [LNnT]) and OS isolated from bovine milk (BMOS) on microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in ascending colon (AC) contents and feces was assessed. Intact male piglets received diets either containing 6.5 g\/L BMOS (n = 12), 1.0 g\/L 2\u2032FL + 0.5 g\/L LNnT (HMO; n = 12), both (HMO + BMOS; n = 10), or neither (CON; n = 10) from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 34. Microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and real-time PCR, and VFA were measured by gas chromatography. The microbiota was affected by OS in an intestine region-specific manner. BMOS reduced (p &lt; 0.05) microbial richness in the AC, microbiota composition in the AC and feces, and acetate concentrations in AC, regardless of HMO presence. HMO alone did not affect overall microbial composition, but increased (p &lt; 0.05) the relative proportion of specific taxa, including Blautia, compared to other groups. Bacteroides abundance was increased (p &lt; 0.05) in the AC by BMOS and synergistically by BMOS + HMO in the feces. Distinct effects of HMO and BMOS suggest complementary and sometimes synergistic benefits of supplementing a complex mixture of OS to formula.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9050884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T21:25:10Z","timestamp":1619040310000},"page":"884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides and Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modulate the Gut Microbiota Composition and Volatile Fatty Acid Concentrations in a Preclinical Neonatal Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0379-6633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1677-7773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia H.","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Produits Nestl\u00e9 SA, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nestl\u00e9 Product Technology Center Nutrition, CH-1800 Vevey, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2538-2845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan N.","family":"Dilger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and the Piglet Nutrition and Cognition Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9785-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon M.","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422410000065","article-title":"Breast-v. formula-feeding: Impacts on the digestive tract and immediate and long-term health effects","volume":"23","author":"Blat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. 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