{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:00:37Z","timestamp":1791489637465,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish Research Council","award":["921.2014-7060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["921.2014-7060"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Society for Medical Research","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Society of Medicine","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Research Council for Southeast Sweden","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"ALF Grants","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Region \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Ekhaga Foundation","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 supplementation reduces morbidities in very low birth weight infants (&lt;1500 g), while the effect on extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW, &lt;1000 g) is still questioned. In a randomised placebo-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01603368), head growth, but not feeding tolerance or morbidities, improved in L. reuteri-supplemented preterm ELBW infants. Here, we investigate colonisation with the probiotic strain in preterm ELBW infants who received L. reuteri DSM 17938 or a placebo from birth to postmenstrual week (PMW) 36. Quantitative PCR was used on 582 faecal DNA samples collected from 132 ELBW infants at one, two, three, and four weeks, at PMW 36, and at two years of age. Human milk oligosaccharides were measured in 31 milk samples at two weeks postpartum. At least 86% of the ELBW infants in the L. reuteri group were colonised with the probiotic strain during the neonatal period, despite low gestational age, high antibiotic pressure, and independent of infant feeding mode. Higher concentrations of lacto-N-tetraose, sialyl-lacto-N-neotetraose c, and 6\u2032-sialyllactose in mother\u2019s milk weakly correlated with lower L. reuteri abundance. Within the L. reuteri group, higher L. reuteri abundance weakly correlated with a shorter time to reach full enteral feeding. Female sex and L. reuteri colonisation improved head growth from birth to four weeks of age. In conclusion, L. reuteri DSM 17938 supplementation leads to successful colonisation in ELBW infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9050915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]],"date-time":"2021-04-24T21:49:20Z","timestamp":1619300960000},"page":"915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Lactobacillus reuteri Colonisation of Extremely Preterm Infants in a Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8711-1736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanne E.","family":"Spreckels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Wejryd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Marchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Astrid Lindgren Children\u2019s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital and Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baldvin","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Astrid Lindgren Children\u2019s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital and Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0953-0257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan H.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2117-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria C.","family":"Jenmalm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0541-7345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Landberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6271-8681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Sverremark-Ekstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1927-4656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magal\u00ed","family":"Mart\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0190-8294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Abrahamsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 83 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2021","article-title":"Association between year of birth and 1-year survival among extremely preterm infants in Sweden during 2004-2007 and 2014-2016","volume":"321","author":"Norman","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlFaleh, K., and Anabrees, J. 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