{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:23:06Z","timestamp":1790518986329,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the first phagocyte recruited and infected by Leishmania. They synthetize superoxide anions (O2\u2212) under the control of the NADPH oxidase complex. In Morocco, Leishmania major and L. tropica are the main species responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The impact of these parasites on human PMN functions is still unclear. We evaluated the in vitro capacity of primary Moroccan strains of L. major and L. tropica to modulate PMN O2\u2212 production and p47phox phosphorylation status of the NADPH oxidase complex. PMNs were isolated from healthy blood donors, and their infection rate was measured by microscopy. O2\u2212 production was measured by superoxide dismutase\u2013inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. P47phox phosphorylation was analyzed by Western blot using specific antibodies against Ser328 and Ser345 sites. Whereas we did not observe any difference in PMN infectivity rate, our results indicated that only L. tropica promastigotes inhibited both fMLF- and PMA-mediated O2\u2212 production independently of p47phox phosphorylation. Leishmania soluble antigens (SLAs) from both species significantly inhibited O2\u2212 induced by fMLF or PMA. However, they only decreased PMA-induced p47phox phosphorylation. L. major and L. tropica modulated differently O2\u2212 production by human PMNs independently of p47phox phosphorylation. The inhibition of ROS production by L. tropica could be a mechanism of its survival within PMNs that might explain the reported chronic pathogenicity of L. tropica CL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9051025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T10:49:51Z","timestamp":1620643791000},"page":"1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Modulation of NADPH Oxidase Activity in Human Neutrophils by Moroccan Strains of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica Is Not Associated with p47phox Phosphorylation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hasnaa","family":"Maksouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team on Immunopathology of Infectious and Systemic Diseases, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (FMPC), Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), 20000 Casablanca, Morocco"},{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, A\u00efn Chock Faculty of Sciences, UH2C, 20000 Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dounia","family":"Darif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, A\u00efn Chock Faculty of Sciences, UH2C, 20000 Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Estaquier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1124, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Qu\u00e9bec Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6718-9843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myriam","family":"Riyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team on Immunopathology of Infectious and Systemic Diseases, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (FMPC), Hassan II University of Casablanca (UH2C), 20000 Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7679-2524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Desterke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, University Paris-Sud, 94270 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meryem","family":"Lemrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector-Borne-Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, 20250 Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pham My-Chan","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Inflammation Research Center, 75018 Paris, France"},{"name":"Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, Site Xavier Bichat, University of Paris, 75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Akarid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics and Immunophysiopathology Research Team, Health and Environment Laboratory, A\u00efn Chock Faculty of Sciences, UH2C, 20000 Casablanca, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2015-0002","article-title":"Leishmaniasis revisited: Current aspects on epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"3","author":"Georgiadou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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