{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:42:53Z","timestamp":1787982173908,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51977174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51977174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51722705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51722705"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011436","name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EIPE19310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EIPE19310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011436","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China","award":["2017M613106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M613106"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011386","name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AMLKF201705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AMLKF201705"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) is attractive for sterilization, especially to disrupt biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, CAP effectively reduced the living cells in the biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and 6 min treatment with CAP reduced the S. aureus cells in biofilms by 3.5 log10. The treatment with CAP caused the polymerization of SaFtsZ and SaClpP proteins in the S. aureus cells of the biofilms. In vitro analysis demonstrated that recombinant SaFtsZ lost its self-assembly capability, and recombinant SaClpP lost its peptidase activity after 2 min of treatment with CAP. Mass spectrometry showed oxidative modifications of a cluster of peaks differing by 16 Da, 31 Da, 32 Da, 47 Da, 48 Da, 62 Da, and 78 Da, induced by reactive species of CAP. It is speculated that the oxidative damage to proteins in S. aureus cells was induced by CAP, which contributed to the reduction of biofilms. This study elucidates the biological effect of CAP on the proteins in bacterial cells of biofilms and provides a basis for the application of CAP in the disinfection of biofilms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9051072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T05:45:13Z","timestamp":1621230313000},"page":"1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Caused Protein Damage in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Cells in Biofilms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulimire","family":"Niyazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zifeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"DC22","article-title":"Can EDTA Change MRSA into MSSA? 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