{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T14:08:06Z","timestamp":1764079686444,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PQ-2 304712\/2016-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PQ-2 304712\/2016-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCNE E-26\/203.215\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCNE E-26\/203.215\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is so far no vaccine approved for human leishmaniasis, mainly because of the lack of appropriate adjuvants. This study aimed to evaluate in mice the capacity of a mixture of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and AddaVax\u00ae adjuvants in enhancing the efficacy of a Leishvacin\u00ae-like vaccine comprised of Leishmania amazonensis whole antigens (LaAg). For that, mice were immunized with LaAg plus MPLA\/AddaVax\u00ae by the intramuscular route (i.m.) prior to challenge with 2 \u00d7 105 and 2 \u00d7 106 living parasites. Immunization with LaAg alone reduced the lesion growth of the 2 \u00d7 105-challenged mice only in the peak of infection, but that was not accompanied by reduced parasite load, and thus not considered protective. Mice given a 2 \u00d7 106 -challenge were not protected by LaAg. The association of LaAg with MPLA\/AddaVax\u00ae was able to enhance the cutaneous hypersensitivity response compared with LaAg alone. Despite this, there was no difference in proliferative cell response to antigen ex vivo. Moreover, regardless of the parasite challenge, association of LaAg with MPL\/AddaVax\u00ae did not significantly enhance protection in comparison with LaAg alone. This work demonstrated that MPL\/AddaVax\u00ae is not effective in improving the efficacy of i.m. LaAg vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T02:55:28Z","timestamp":1623380128000},"page":"1272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MPLA and AddaVax\u00ae Adjuvants Fail to Promote Intramuscular LaAg Vaccine Protectiveness against Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Diogo","family":"Oliveira-Maciel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Go\u00e9s, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio Souza","family":"dos-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Go\u00e9s, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Oliveira-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Go\u00e9s, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirian Fran\u00e7a de","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Go\u00e9s, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2043-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra Marcia","family":"da Fonseca-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Go\u00e9s, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monique Pacheco Duarte","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Go\u00e9s, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadeu Diniz","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"},{"name":"Grupo de Imunologia e Vacinologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Go\u00e9s, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luan","family":"Firmino-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de 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