{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T06:56:29Z","timestamp":1785653789132,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010648","name":"Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C24\/16\/039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C24\/16\/039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12X9420N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12X9420N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1833317N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1833317N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Existing evidence is inconclusive whether meropenem dosing should be adjusted in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Therefore, the aim of this observational matched cohort study was to evaluate the effect of ECMO on pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and target attainment (TA) of meropenem. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) simultaneously treated with meropenem and ECMO were eligible. Patients were matched 1:1, based on renal function and body weight, with non-ECMO ICU patients. Meropenem blood sampling was performed over one or two dosing intervals. Population PK modelling was performed using NONMEM7.5. TA was defined as free meropenem concentrations &gt;2 or 8 mg\/L (i.e., 1 or 4\u00d7 minimal inhibitory concentration, respectively) throughout the whole dosing interval. In total, 25 patients were included, contributing 27 dosing intervals. The overall TA was 56% and 26% for the 2 mg\/L and 8 mg\/L target, respectively. Population PK modelling identified estimated glomerular filtration rate according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology equation and body weight, but not ECMO, as significant predictors. In conclusion, TA of meropenem was confirmed to be poor under standard dosing in critically ill patients but was not found to be influenced by ECMO. Future studies should focus on applying dose optimisation strategies for meropenem based on renal function, regardless of ECMO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T21:58:32Z","timestamp":1623880712000},"page":"1310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Meropenem Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment in Critically Ill Patients Are Not Affected by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Matched Cohort Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1378-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Gijsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"Dreesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3525-7351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"Annaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"BioNotus, 2845 Niel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Development Science, UCB Biopharma SRL, 1420 Braine-l\u2019Alleud, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Debaveye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5983-3897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joost","family":"Wauters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Intensive Care Unit, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Spriet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06290-1","article-title":"Extracorporeal life support for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Combes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5064-5","article-title":"Position paper for the organization of ECMO programs for cardiac failure in adults","volume":"44","author":"Abrams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4273-z","article-title":"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Evolving epidemiology and mortality","volume":"42","author":"Karagiannidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201708-1761OC","article-title":"Six-Month Outcome of Immunocompromised Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Rescued by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. 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