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Feline babesiosis is considered endemic in South Africa, while data on Babesia spp. infection in felids in Europe is scarce. Using samples from 51 wild felids, 44 Felis silvestris and 7 Lynx lynx, the study aimed to determine the presence and genetic diversity of Babesia spp. in wild felids in Romania by analyzing the 18S rDNA and two mitochondrial markers, cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. By 18S rDNA analyses, Babesia spp. DNA was detected in 20 European wild felids. All sequences showed 100% similarity to B. canis by BLAST analysis. Conversely, Cytb and COI analyses revealed the presence of two Babesia spp., B. pisicii n. sp., which we herein describe, and B. canis. The pairwise comparison of both mitochondrial genes of B. pisicii n. sp. showed a genetic distance of at least 10.3% from the most closely related species, B. rossi. Phylogenetic analyses of Cytb and COI genes revealed that B. pisicii n. sp. is related to the so-called \u201clarge\u201d canid-associated Babesia species forming a separate subclade in a sister position to B. rossi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9071474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1625827838000},"page":"1474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Babesia pisicii n. sp. and Babesia canis Infect European Wild Cats, Felis silvestris, in Romania"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4360-5790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana C\u0103t\u0103lina","family":"Panait","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9271-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krist\u00fdna","family":"Hrazdilov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Plze\u0148, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1438-2498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela Monica","family":"Ionic\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology and Veterinary Parasitology Unit (CDS-9), \u201cRegele Mihai I al Rom\u00e2niei\u201d Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6604-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgiana","family":"Deak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8859-0559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Bogdan","family":"Chi\u015famera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cGrigore Antipa\u201d National Museum of Natural History, 011341 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costic\u0103","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cGrigore Antipa\u201d National Museum of Natural History, 011341 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5936-2538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u0103lin Mircea","family":"Gherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei Daniel","family":"Mihalca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1808-7","article-title":"A review of piroplasmid infections in wild carnivores worldwide: Importance for domestic animal health and wildlife conservation","volume":"9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.07.004","article-title":"Babesia: A world emerging","volume":"12","author":"Schnittger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. 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