{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:36:49Z","timestamp":1792805809692,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-02551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-02551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"King Gustaf V\u2019s 80-Year Fund","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02szc9j24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Reumatikerf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004885","name":"Ume\u00e5 University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004885","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory disease, and single periodontitis-associated bacteria have been suggested in disease manifestation. Here, the oral microbiota was characterized in relation to the early onset of RA (eRA) taking periodontal status into consideration. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of saliva bacterial DNA from 61 eRA patients without disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and 59 matched controls was performed. Taxonomic classification at 98.5% was conducted against the Human Oral Microbiome Database, microbiota functions were predicted using PICRUSt, and periodontal status linked from the Swedish quality register for clinically assessed caries and periodontitis. The participants were classified into three distinct microbiota-based cluster groups with cluster allocation differences by eRA status. Independently of periodontal status, eRA patients had enriched levels of Prevotella pleuritidis, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Filifactor alocis species and in the Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium genera and functions linked to ornithine metabolism, glucosylceramidase, beta-lactamase resistance, biphenyl degradation, fatty acid metabolism and 17-beta-estradiol-17-dehydrogenase metabolism. The results support a deviating oral microbiota composition already in eRA patients compared with healthy controls and highlight a panel of oral bacteria that may be useful in eRA risk assessment in both periodontally healthy and diseased persons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T02:16:07Z","timestamp":1628043367000},"page":"1657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Oral Microbiota Identifies Patients in Early Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4430-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Esberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Medicine, Rheumatology, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9227-8434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingegerd","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8259-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solbritt Rantap\u00e4\u00e4","family":"Dahlqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Medicine, Rheumatology, Ume\u00e5 University, 901 87 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"388","author":"Smolen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133371","article-title":"Nationwide prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and penetration of disease-modifying drugs in Sweden","volume":"70","author":"Neovius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-11-200706050-00008","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Diagnostic accuracy of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"146","author":"Nishimura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11223","article-title":"Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide and IgA rheumatoid factor predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"48","author":"Berglin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27186","article-title":"Up-regulation of cytokines and chemokines predates the onset of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Kokkonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34539","article-title":"Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new-onset rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"64","author":"Scher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.02.004","article-title":"\u2018RA and the microbiome: Do host genetic factors provide the link?","volume":"99","author":"Wells","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5002","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00542-10","article-title":"The human oral microbiome","volume":"192","author":"Dewhirst","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mankia, K., Cheng, Z., Do, T., Hunt, L., Meade, J., Kang, J., Clerehugh, V., Speirs, A., Tugnait, A., and Hensor, E.M.A. (2019). Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Periodontopathic Bacteria in Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Positive At-Risk Adults Without Arthritis. JAMA Netw. Open, 2.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.5394"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3914","article-title":"The oral and gut microbiomes are perturbed in rheumatoid arthritis and partly normalized after treatment","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuggle, N.R., Smith, T.O., Kaul, A., and Sofat, N. (2016). Hand to Mouth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis. Front. Immunol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00080"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00850.x","article-title":"Autoimmunity to specific citrullinated proteins gives the first clues to the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"233","author":"Wegner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-004-6641-z","article-title":"Hypothesis: The humoral immune response to oral bacteria provides a stimulus for the development of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.124","article-title":"The immunopathogenesis of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: From triggering to targeting","volume":"17","author":"Malmstrom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205385","article-title":"Defining the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD) in rheumatoid arthritis through the study of PPAD biology","volume":"74","author":"Konig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40485","article-title":"Dysbiotic Subgingival Microbial Communities in Periodontally Healthy Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"70","author":"Paropkari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konig, M.F., Abusleme, L., Reinholdt, J., Palmer, R.J., Teles, R.P., Sampson, K., Rosen, A., Nigrovic, P.A., Sokolove, J., and Giles, J.T. (2016). Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced hypercitrullination links periodontal infection to autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci. Transl. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaj1921"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-216972","article-title":"Dysbiosis in the oral microbiomes of anti-CCP positive individuals at risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"80","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, B., Zhao, Y., Li, S., Yang, L., Wang, H., Wang, T., Bin, S., Gai, Z., Heng, X., and Zhang, C. (2018). Variations in oral microbiome profiles in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis with potential biomarkers for arthritis screening. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35473-6"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correa, J.D., Fernandes, G.R., Calderaro, D.C., Mendonca, S.M.S., Silva, J.M., Albiero, M.L., Cunha, F.Q., Xiao, E., Ferreira, G.A., and Teixeira, A.L. (2019). Oral microbial dysbiosis linked to worsened periodontal condition in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44674-6"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kroese, J.M., Brandt, B.W., Buijs, M.J., Crielaard, W., Lobbezoo, F., Loos, B.G., van Boheemen, L., van Schaardenburg, D., Zaura, E., and Volgenant, C.M.C. (2021). The oral microbiome in early rheumatoid arthritis patients and individuals at risk differs from healthy controls. Arthritis Rheumatol.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41780"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong, Y., Zheng, L., Qing, P., Zhao, H., Li, Y., Su, L., Zhang, Q., Zhao, Y., Luo, Y., and Liu, Y. (2019). Oral Microbiota Perturbations Are Linked to High Risk for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00475"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302","article-title":"The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Arnett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380107","article-title":"Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"38","author":"Prevoo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belstrom, D., Sembler-Moller, M.L., Grande, M.A., Kirkby, N., Cotton, S.L., Paster, B.J., and Holmstrup, P. (2017). Microbial profile comparisons of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in periodontitis patients. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182992"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eriksson, L., Esberg, A., Haworth, S., Holgerson, P.L., and Johansson, I. (2019). Allelic Variation in Taste Genes Is Associated with Taste and Diet Preferences and Dental Caries. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071491"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.8","article-title":"Ultra-high-throughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms","volume":"6","author":"Caporaso","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu719","article-title":"deML: Robust demultiplexing of Illumina sequences using a likelihood-based approach","volume":"31","author":"Renaud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Escapa, I.F., Chen, T., Huang, Y., Gajare, P., Dewhirst, F.E., and Lemon, K.P. (2018). New Insights into Human Nostril Microbiome from the Expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD): A Resource for the Microbiome of the Human Aerodigestive Tract. mSystems, 3.","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00187-18"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","article-title":"Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"89","author":"Papapanou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haworth, S., Esberg, A., Kuja-Halkola, R., Lundberg, P., Magnusson, P.K.E., and Johansson, I. (2021). Using national register data to estimate the heritability of periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol., Revised version: Under review.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13459"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.156","article-title":"High salivary levels of JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is associated with clinical attachment loss in Moroccan adolescents","volume":"5","author":"Ennibi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-011-1028-y","article-title":"Development of Porphyromonas gingivalis-specific quantitative real-time PCR primers based on the nucleotide sequence of rpoB","volume":"49","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"9","article-title":"PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis","volume":"4","author":"Hammer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Palaeontol. Electron."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segata, N., Izard, J., Waldron, L., Gevers, D., Miropolsky, L., Garrett, W.S., and Huttenhower, C. (2011). Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation. Genome Biol., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-s1-p47"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8728-3_11","article-title":"Predicting the Functional Potential of the Microbiome from Marker Genes Using PICRUSt","volume":"1849","author":"Douglas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key052","article-title":"The subgingival microbiome in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Mikuls","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"2","article-title":"Serum antibodies to oral anaerobic bacteria in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Ogrendik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rusthen, S., Kristoffersen, A.K., Young, A., Galtung, H.K., Petrovski, B.E., Palm, O., Enersen, M., and Jensen, J.L. (2019). Dysbiotic salivary microbiota in dry mouth and primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome patients. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218319"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.06.002","article-title":"Sequencing of 16S rRNA reveals a distinct salivary microbiome signature in Behcet\u2019s disease","volume":"169","author":"Coit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-009-0194-9","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis is linked to oral bacteria: Etiological association","volume":"19","author":"Ogrendik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"754","article-title":"FRI0698 Prevotella and alloprevotella species characterize the oral microbiome of early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"76","author":"Wolff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12727","article-title":"Filifactor alocis and Dialister pneumosintes in a Mexican population affected by periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: An exploratory study","volume":"63","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(03)00031-1","article-title":"Degradation of arginine and other amino acids by butyrate-producing asaccharolytic anaerobic Gram-positive rods in periodontal pockets","volume":"48","author":"Uematsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oscarsson, J., Claesson, R., Bao, K., Brundin, M., and Belibasakis, G.N. (2020). Phylogenetic Analysis of Filifactor alocis Strains Isolated from Several Oral Infections Identified a Novel RTX Toxin, FtxA. Toxins, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12110687"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3182500c95","article-title":"Identification of oral bacterial DNA in synovial fluid of patients with arthritis with native and failed prosthetic joints","volume":"18","author":"Temoin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.120677","article-title":"Detection of eight periodontal microorganisms and distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in Chinese patients with aggressive periodontitis","volume":"85","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345000790021301","article-title":"Campylobacter species in health, gingivitis, and periodontitis","volume":"79","author":"Macuch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40394","article-title":"Association Between Marginal Jawbone Loss and Onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Relationship to Plasma Levels of RANKL","volume":"70","author":"Kindstedt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202726","article-title":"Heightened immune response to autocitrullinated Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase: A potential mechanism for breaching immunologic tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"73","author":"Quirke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gabarrini, G., de Smit, M., Westra, J., Brouwer, E., Vissink, A., Zhou, K., Rossen, J.W., Stobernack, T., van Dijl, J.M., and van Winkelhoff, A.J. (2015). The peptidylarginine deiminase gene is a conserved feature of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci. Rep., 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13936"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lombardo Bedran, T.B., Marcantonio, R.A., Spin Neto, R., Alves Mayer, M.P., Grenier, D., Spolidorio, L.C., and Spolidorio, D.P. (2012). Porphyromonas endodontalis in chronic periodontitis: A clinical and microbiological cross-sectional study. J. Oral Microbiol., 4.","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v4i0.10123"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins3030242","article-title":"Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin: A powerful tool with capacity to cause imbalance in the host inflammatory response","volume":"3","author":"Johansson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.12.011","article-title":"Sphingolipids in host-microbial interactions","volume":"43","author":"Heaver","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12300","article-title":"Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: An update 2012\u20132017","volume":"83","author":"Bartold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/8\/1657\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:40:02Z","timestamp":1760164802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/8\/1657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms9081657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9081657","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]}}}