{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:58:38Z","timestamp":1789595918944,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005635","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Calouste Gulbenkian","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["145278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["145278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005635","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Staphylococcal infections are among the most common foodborne diseases. We performed the antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of S. aureus from milk samples of dairy cows in Manhi\u00e7a District. We observed a high frequency of S. aureus (41%, 58\/143), in which 71% (41\/58) were from commercial farms and 29% (17\/58) from smallholder farms. Half of the isolates (50%, 29\/58) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, with higher rates of resistance to penicillin (43%, 25\/58), followed by tetracycline (16%, 9\/58). Multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were rare (5%, 3\/58 and 3%, 2\/58, respectively). The genetic diversity was low, with predominance of human-adapted strains being: ST1\/CC1-t5388 (78%) and ST152-t1299 (10%), followed by ST8\/CC8-t1476 (5%) and ST5\/CC5-t002 (3%) and lastly, ST508\/CC45-t331 and ST152-t355, with 2% each. The Panton\u2013Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene was detected among 14% (8\/58) of the isolates, while genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins were scarce (3%, 2\/58). Our findings revealed a high frequency of S. aureus, with high rates of resistance to the antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human medicine. Further investigations focusing on the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus from cattle and farmers will provide detailed insights on the genetic relatedness between the strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]],"date-time":"2021-08-08T21:35:40Z","timestamp":1628458540000},"page":"1684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Raw Milk Samples of Dairy Cows in Manhi\u00e7a District, Southern Mozambique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nilsa","family":"Nhatsave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias de Sa\u00fade (ISCISA), Maputo 977, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8619-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelino","family":"Garrine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Manhi\u00e7a (CISM), Maputo CP1929, Mozambique"},{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1794-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Augusto","family":"Messa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Manhi\u00e7a (CISM), Maputo CP1929, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4775-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ars\u00e9nia J.","family":"Massinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Manhi\u00e7a (CISM), Maputo CP1929, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An\u00e9lsio","family":"Cossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Manhi\u00e7a (CISM), Maputo CP1929, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital Central de Maputo (HCM), Maputo 1653, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelina","family":"Ombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias de Sa\u00fade (ISCISA), Maputo 977, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s F.","family":"Zimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital Central de Maputo (HCM), Maputo 1653, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Alfredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias de Sa\u00fade, Universidade Zambeze, Tete 1018, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1078-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00e1cio","family":"Mandomando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade de Manhi\u00e7a (CISM), Maputo CP1929, Mozambique"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade (INS), Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, Maputo 1120, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesaltina","family":"Tchamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinics, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo CP257, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00311.x","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus and Its Food Poisoning Toxins: Characterization and Outbreak Investigation","volume":"36","author":"Hennekinne","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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