{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:11:33Z","timestamp":1790662293596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background.\u00a0Post-COVID-19 syndrome is defined as the persistence of symptoms after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. (2) Methods. ANOSVID is an observational retrospective study in Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital in France that included adult COVID-19 patients confirmed by RT-PCR from 1 March 2020 to 31 May 2020. The aim was to describe patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome with persistent symptoms (PS group) and to compare them with the patients without persistent symptoms (no-PS group). (3) Results. Of the 354 COVID-19 patients, 35.9% (n = 127) reported persistence of at least one symptom after a mean of 289.1 \u00b1 24.5 days after symptom onset. Moreover, 115 patients reported a recurrence of symptoms after recovery, and only 12 patients reported continuous symptoms. The mean age of patients was 48.6 years (19\u201393) \u00b1 19.4, and 81 patients (63.8%) were female. Patients in the PS group had a longer duration of symptoms of initial acute SARS-CoV-2 infection than patients in the no-PS group (respectively, 57.1 \u00b1 82.1 days versus 29.7 \u00b1 42.1 days, p &lt; 0.001). A majority of patients (n = 104, 81.9%) reported three or more symptoms. The most prevalent persistent symptoms were loss of smell (74.0%, n = 94), fatigue (53.5%, n = 68), loss of taste (31.5%, n = 40), and dyspnea (30.7%, n = 39). These were followed by pain symptoms (26.8% (n = 34), 26.0% (n = 33), 24.4% (n = 31); headache, arthralgia, and myalgia, respectively). More than half of patients reporting persistent symptoms (58%, n = 73) were healthcare workers (HCWs). Among outpatients, this population was more present in the PS group than the no-PS group ((86.6%) n = 71\/82 versus (72.2%) n = 109\/151, p = 0.012). Post-COVID-19 syndrome was more frequent in patients with a past history of chronic rhinosinusitis (8.7% (n = 11%) versus 1.3% (n = 3), p &lt; 0.001). No significant difference was found regarding clinical characteristics and outcome, laboratory, imaging findings, and treatment received in the two groups. (4) Conclusions. More than a third of our COVID-19 patients presented persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly through loss of smell, loss of taste, fatigue, and dyspnea, with a high prevalence in HCWs among COVID-19 outpatients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T10:54:41Z","timestamp":1628765681000},"page":"1719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Nine Months after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Cohort of 354 Patients: Data from the First Wave of COVID-19 in Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, France"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3177-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souheil","family":"Zayet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajer","family":"Zahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetology and Endocrinology Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Yves","family":"Royer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Tipirdamaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9220-9359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Gendrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quentin","family":"Lepiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, University Hospital of Besan\u00e7on, 25000 Besan\u00e7on, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sol\u00e8ne","family":"Marty-Quinternet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, University Hospital of Besan\u00e7on, 25000 Besan\u00e7on, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9598-2486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molka","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"Belfeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France, 77000 Melun, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda","family":"Toko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Garnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alix","family":"Pierron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Plantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Messin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Villemain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2177-4318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Bouiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, University Hospital of Besan\u00e7on, 25000 Besan\u00e7on, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timoth\u00e9e","family":"Klopfenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, 90400 Trevenans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armange, L., B\u00e9n\u00e9zit, F., Picard, L., Pronier, C., Guillot, S., Lentz, P.-A., Carr\u00e9, F., Tattevin, P., and Revest, M. (2021). Prevalence and characteristics of persistent symptoms after non-severe COVID-19: A prospective cohort study. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Eur. Soc. Clin. Microbiol., 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-216761\/v1"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petersen, M.S., Kristiansen, M.F., Hanusson, K.D., Danielsen, M.E., Steig, B.\u00c1., Gaini, S., Str\u00f8m, M., and Weihe, P. (2020). Long COVID in the Faroe Islands: A Longitudinal Study among Nonhospitalized Patients. Clin. Infect. Dis., ciaa1792.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1792"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z","article-title":"Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Nalbandian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osikomaiya, B., Erinoso, O., Wright, K.O., Odusola, A.O., Thomas, B., Adeyemi, O., Bowale, A., Adejumo, O., Falana, A., and Abdus-salam, I. (2021). \u201cLong COVID\u201d: Persistent COVID-19 symptoms in survivors managed in Lagos State, Nigeria. BMC Infect. Dis., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05716-x"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Lancet Neurology (2021). Long COVID: Understanding the neurological effects. Lancet Neurol., 20, 247.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00059-4"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00043-8","article-title":"Long COVID: Tackling a multifaceted condition requires a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"21","author":"Norton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Coronavirus (2021, April 27). National Guidance for Post-COVID Syndrome Assessment Clinics. Available online: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/coronavirus\/publication\/national-guidance-for-post-covid-syndrome-assessment-clinics\/."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e048391","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048391","article-title":"Multiorgan impairment in low-risk individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome: A prospective, community-based study","volume":"11","author":"Dennis","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m3026","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3026","article-title":"Management of post-acute covid-19 in primary care","volume":"370","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.01.004","article-title":"Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Incidence and risk factors: A Mediterranean cohort study","volume":"82","author":"Merino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peluso, M.J., Kelly, J.D., Lu, S., Goldberg, S.A., Davidson, M.C., Mathur, S., Durstenfeld, M.S., Spinelli, M.A., Hoh, R., and Tai, V. Rapid implementation of a cohort for the study of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection\/COVID-19. MedRxiv Prepr. Serv. Health Sci., 2021.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.11.21252311"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofab042","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab042","article-title":"Persistent Symptoms in Patients Recovering From COVID-19 in Denmark","volume":"8","author":"Leth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riestra-Ayora, J., Yanes-Diaz, J., Esteban-Sanchez, J., Vaduva, C., Molina-Quiros, C., Larran-Jimenez, A., and Martin-Sanz, E. (2021). Long-term follow-up of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19: 6 months case-control study of health workers. Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol., 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06764-y"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32656-8","article-title":"6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: A cohort study","volume":"397","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26489","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral loads and association with clinical and biological features","volume":"93","author":"Biguenet","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.04.002","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of patients following hospitalization for COVID-19: A prospective observational study","volume":"27","author":"Meije","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poenaru, S., Abdallah, S.J., Corrales-Medina, V., and Cowan, J. (2021). COVID-19 and post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review. Ther. Adv. Infect. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361211009385"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGroder, C.F., Zhang, D., Choudhury, M.A., Salvatore, M.M., D\u2019Souza, B.M., Hoffman, E.A., Wei, Y., Baldwin, M.R., and Garcia, C.K. Pulmonary fibrosis 4 months after COVID-19 is associated with severity of illness and blood leucocyte telomere length. Thorax, 2021.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.17.21253834"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.120","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis in critical ill patients recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia: Preliminary experience","volume":"38","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"45","article-title":"Nouveaux tableaux de maladie professionnelle de la COVID-19: Vers une reconnaissance plus facilit\u00e9e?","volume":"82","author":"Czuba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Mal. Prof. Environ."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.5612","article-title":"Symptoms and Functional Impairment Assessed 8 Months After Mild COVID-19 among Health Care Workers","volume":"325","author":"Havervall","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2021.104803","article-title":"Recurrence of COVID-19 after recovery ? A case series in health care workers, France","volume":"23","author":"Zayet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608413","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.608413","article-title":"Prolonged COVID 19 Outbreak and Psychological Response of Nurses in Italian Healthcare System: Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"12","author":"Zayet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.04.006","article-title":"Features of anosmia in COVID-19","volume":"50","author":"Klopfenstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Mal. Infect."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multicenter European study","volume":"277","author":"Lechien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30457-4","article-title":"COVID-19 recovery: Potential treatments for post-intensive care syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Bangash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martillo, M.A., Dangayach, N.S., Tabacof, L., Spielman, L.A., Dams-O\u2019Connor, K., Chan, C.C., Kohli-Seth, R., Cortes, M., and Escalon, M.X. Postintensive Care Syndrome in Survivors of Critical Illness Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019: Cohort Study From a New York City Critical Care Recovery Clinic. Crit. Care Med., 2021.","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005014"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S305349","article-title":"Outcomes in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and Clostridioides difficile Coinfection","volume":"14","author":"Sehgal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12824","article-title":"Influenza and COVID-19: What does co-existence mean?","volume":"15","author":"Chotpitayasunondh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir. Viruses"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/8\/1719\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:44:50Z","timestamp":1760165090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/8\/1719"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms9081719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9081719","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]}}}